Messier 82

Messier 82
A mosaic image taken by the Hubble Space Telescope of Messier 82, combining exposures taken with four colored filters that capture starlight from visible and infrared wavelengths as well as the light from the glowing hydrogen filaments
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationUrsa Major
Right ascension09h 55m 52.2s[1]
Declination+69° 40′ 47″[1]
Redshift203±4 km/s[1]
Distance11.4–12.4 Mly (3.5–3.8 Mpc)[2]
Apparent magnitude (V)8.41[3][4]
Characteristics
TypeI0[1]
Size12.52 kiloparsecs (40,800 light-years)
(diameter; 25.0 mag/arcsec2 B-band isophote)[1][5]
Apparent size (V)11.2′ × 4.3′[1]
Notable featuresEdge-on starburst galaxy
Other designations
NGC 3034, UGC 5322, Arp 337, Cigar Galaxy, PGC 28655, 3C 231[1]
Preview warning: Page using Template:Infobox galaxy with unknown parameter "image_size"
M82 Galaxy
M82 magnetic field
Composite image – HST (vis); Spitzer (ir); Chandra (x-ray)
Chandra X-ray observatory image of the galaxy
Hubble views new supernova in Messier 82[6]
M82 – December 2013; supernova – January 2014 (bottom)
Messier 82 photographed by amateur astrophotographer Radu Marinescu using a 10" Newtonian telescope, with a high emphasis on the Hydrogen-alpha star-burst areas.

Messier 82 (also known as NGC 3034, Cigar Galaxy or M82) is a starburst galaxy approximately 12 million light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major. It is the second-largest member of the M81 Group, with the D25 isophotal diameter of 12.52 kiloparsecs (40,800 light-years).[1][5] It is about five times more luminous than the Milky Way and its central region is about one hundred times more luminous.[7] The starburst activity is thought to have been triggered by interaction with neighboring galaxy M81. As one of the closest starburst galaxies to Earth, M82 is the prototypical example of this galaxy type.[7][a] SN 2014J, a type Ia supernova, was discovered in the galaxy on 21 January 2014.[8][9][10] In 2014, in studying M82, scientists discovered the brightest pulsar yet known, designated M82 X-2.[11][12][13]

In November 2023, a gamma-ray burst was observed in M82, which was determined to have come from a magnetar, the first such event detected outside the Milky Way (and only the fourth such event ever detected).[14][15]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 3034. Retrieved 27 October 2006.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Karachentsevetal2006 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ "M 82". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 14 December 2018.
  4. ^ Armando, Gil de Paz; Boissier; Madore; Seibert; Boselli; et al. (2007). "The GALEX Ultraviolet Atlas of Nearby Galaxies". Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 173 (2): 185–255. arXiv:astro-ph/0606440. Bibcode:2007ApJS..173..185G. doi:10.1086/516636. S2CID 119085482.
  5. ^ a b De Vaucouleurs, Gerard; De Vaucouleurs, Antoinette; Corwin, Herold G.; Buta, Ronald J.; Paturel, Georges; Fouque, Pascal (1991). Third Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies. Bibcode:1991rc3..book.....D.
  6. ^ "Hubble views new supernova in Messier 82". ESA / HUBBLE. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
  7. ^ a b Barker, S.; de Grijs, R.; Cerviño, M. (2008). "Star cluster versus field star formation in the nucleus of the prototype starburst galaxy M 82". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 484 (3): 711–720. arXiv:0804.1913. Bibcode:2008A&A...484..711B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200809653. S2CID 18885080.
  8. ^ "ATel #5786: Classification of Supernova in M82 as a young, reddened Type Ia Supernova". ATel. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  9. ^ "Sudden Supernova in M82 Galaxy Rips Apart The Night Sky (A Bit)". Huffington Post. 22 January 2014.
  10. ^ Plait, Phil (22 January 2014). "KABOOM! Nearby Galaxy M82 Hosts a New Supernova!". Slate.
  11. ^ Tillman, Nola Taylor (8 October 2014). "Shockingly Bright Dead Star with a Pulse Is an X-ray Powerhouse". Space.com.
  12. ^ Chu, Jennifer (8 October 2014). "Researchers detect brightest pulsar ever recorded". Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
  13. ^ "NASA's NuSTAR Telescope Discovers Shockingly Bright Dead Star". NASA. 8 October 2014.
  14. ^ Mereghetti, Sandro; Rigoselli, Michela; Salvaterra, Ruben; Pacholski, Dominik Patryk; Rodi, James Craig; Gotz, Diego; Arrigoni, Edoardo; D'Avanzo, Paolo; Adami, Christophe; Bazzano, Angela; Bozzo, Enrico; Brivio, Riccardo; Campana, Sergio; Cappellaro, Enrico; Chenevez, Jerome; De Luise, Fiore; Ducci, Lorenzo; Esposito, Paolo; Ferrigno, Carlo; Ferro, Matteo; Israel, Gian Luca; Le Floc'h, Emeric; Martin-Carrillo, Antonio; Onori, Francesca; Rea, Nanda; Reguitti, Andrea; Savchenko, Volodymyr; Souami, Damya; Tartaglia, Leonardo; Thuillot, William; Tiengo, Andrea; Tomasella, Lina; Topinka, Martin; Turpin, Damien; Ubertini, Pietro (10 March 2024). "A magnetar giant flare in the nearby starburst galaxy M82". Astrophysics. 629 (2): 58–61. arXiv:2312.14645. Bibcode:2024Natur.629...58M. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07285-4. PMID 38658757.
  15. ^ Smith, Kiona (25 April 2024). "A Dead Star in a Nearby Galaxy Just Did Something Wild". Inverse. Retrieved 26 April 2024.


Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).