Methanosarcinales

Methanosarcinales
Methanosarcina barkeri MS
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Archaea
Kingdom: Euryarchaeota
Class: Methanomicrobia
Order: Methanosarcinales
Boone et al. 2002
Families
Synonyms
  • Methanotrichales Akinyemi et al. 2021

Methanosarcinales is an order of Archaea in the class Methanomicrobia, phylum Methanobacteriota.[1] The order Methanosarcinales contains both methanogenic and methanotrophic lineages, although the latter so far have so far no pure culture representatives.[2] Methanotrophic lineages of the order Methanosarcinales were initially abbreviated as ANME (anaerobic methanotrophs) to distinguich from aerobic methanotrophic bacteria. Currently, those lineages receive their own names such as Ca. Methanoperedens, Ca. Methanocomedens (ANME-2a), Ca.Methanomarinus (ANME-2b), Ca. Methanogaster (ANME-2c), Ca. Methanovorans (ANME-3).[3] The order contains archaeon with one of the largest genome, Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A, genome size 5,75 Mbp.[4]

The organisms placed within the order can be found in freshwater, saltwater, salt-rich sediments, anaerobic digestors, and animal digestive systems. The order consist of mesophiles or moderately thermophillic, neutrophilic or alkaliphilic species with some able to grow at high salt concentrations (genera Methanohalobium , Methanohalophilus , and Methanosalsum).[5][6] Most of the species in the order were isolated or detected in marine and freshawater sediments, soil with only a few specialized lineages adapted to the digestive tract of animals - genera Methanimicrococcus, Methanolapillus, and Ca. Methanofrustulum that can be found in termites/cockroaches, millipedes, and ruminants, respectively.[7][8]

Most cells have cell walls that lack peptidoglycan and pseudomurein with notable presence of methanochondroitin in Methanosarcina genus.[9] As all other methanogens, Methanosarcinales representatives are strictly anaerobic and utilize methanogenesis pathway as the only path for ATP production. However, besides common among other methanogens substrates H2/CO2, Methanosarcinales characterized by the ability to utilize acetate (aceticlastic methanogenesis), methylated compounds such as methanol or methnylamines (methylotrophic methanogenesis), or even methoxyalted aromatic compounds (methoxydotrophic methanogenesis).[10][11]

  1. ^ "Order: Methanosarcinales". lpsn.dsmz.de. Retrieved 2024-09-07.
  2. ^ Chadwick, Grayson L.; Skennerton, Connor T.; Laso-Pérez, Rafael; Leu, Andy O.; Speth, Daan R.; Yu, Hang; Morgan-Lang, Connor; Hatzenpichler, Roland; Goudeau, Danielle; Malmstrom, Rex; Brazelton, William J.; Woyke, Tanja; Hallam, Steven J.; Tyson, Gene W.; Wegener, Gunter (2022-01-05). "Comparative genomics reveals electron transfer and syntrophic mechanisms differentiating methanotrophic and methanogenic archaea". PLOS Biology. 20 (1): e3001508. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3001508. ISSN 1545-7885. PMC 9012536. PMID 34986141.
  3. ^ Wegener, Gunter; Laso-Pérez, Rafael; Orphan, Victoria J.; Boetius, Antje (2022-09-08). "Anaerobic Degradation of Alkanes by Marine Archaea". Annual Review of Microbiology. 76 (1): 553–577. doi:10.1146/annurev-micro-111021-045911. hdl:10261/351814. ISSN 0066-4227.
  4. ^ Saini, Jasleen; Deere, Thomas M.; Chanderban, Melissa; McIntosh, Gary J.; Lessner, Daniel J. (March 2023). "Methanosarcina acetivorans". Trends in Microbiology. 31 (3): 320–321. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2022.10.001. PMID 36280520.
  5. ^ Oren, Aharon (2014-08-08). "Taxonomy of halophilic Archaea: current status and future challenges". Extremophiles. 18 (5): 825–834. doi:10.1007/s00792-014-0654-9. ISSN 1431-0651. PMID 25102811.
  6. ^ Oren, Aharon (2014), "The Family Methanosarcinaceae", The Prokaryotes, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 259–281, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-38954-2_408, ISBN 978-3-642-38953-5, retrieved 2024-09-07
  7. ^ Protasov, Evgenii; Reeh, Hanna; Liu, Pengfei; Poehlein, Anja; Platt, Katja; Heimerl, Thomas; Hervé, Vincent; Daniel, Rolf; Brune, Andreas (2024-08-06). "Genome reduction in novel, obligately methyl-reducing Methanosarcinales isolated from arthropod guts (Methanolapillus gen. nov. and Methanimicrococcus)". FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 100 (9). doi:10.1093/femsec/fiae111. ISSN 1574-6941. PMC 11362671. PMID 39108084.
  8. ^ Thomas, Courtney M.; Desmond-Le Quéméner, Elie; Gribaldo, Simonetta; Borrel, Guillaume (2022-06-10). "Factors shaping the abundance and diversity of the gut archaeome across the animal kingdom". Nature Communications. 13 (1): 3358. Bibcode:2022NatCo..13.3358T. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-31038-4. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 9187648. PMID 35688919.
  9. ^ Klingl, Andreas (2014-11-25). "S-layer and cytoplasmic membrane â€" exceptions from the typical archaeal cell wall with a focus on double membranes". Frontiers in Microbiology. 5: 624. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00624. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 4243693. PMID 25505452.
  10. ^ Mand, Thomas D.; Metcalf, William W. (2019-11-20). "Energy Conservation and Hydrogenase Function in Methanogenic Archaea, in Particular the GenusMethanosarcina". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 83 (4). doi:10.1128/mmbr.00020-19. ISSN 1092-2172. PMC 6759668. PMID 31533962.
  11. ^ Kurth, Julia M.; Op den Camp, Huub J. M.; Welte, Cornelia U. (2020-06-15). "Several ways one goal—methanogenesis from unconventional substrates". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 104 (16): 6839–6854. doi:10.1007/s00253-020-10724-7. ISSN 0175-7598. PMC 7374477. PMID 32542472.