Medication of the selective β1 receptor blocker type
Metoprolol Pronunciation , Trade names Lopressor, Metolar XR, Toprol XL, others AHFS /Drugs.com Monograph MedlinePlus a682864 License data
Pregnancy category Routes of administration By mouth , intravenous Drug class Beta blocker ATC code Legal status
AU : S4 (Prescription only)
CA : ℞-only [ 1]
UK : POM (Prescription only)
US : ℞-only
In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Bioavailability 50% (single dose)[ 2]
70% (repeated administration)[ 3] Protein binding 12% Metabolism Liver via CYP2D6 , CYP3A4 Elimination half-life 3–7 hours Excretion Kidney
(RS )-1-[4-(2-Methoxyethyl)phenoxy]-3-[(propan-2-yl)amino]propan-2-ol
CAS Number PubChem CID IUPHAR/BPS DrugBank ChemSpider UNII KEGG ChEBI ChEMBL CompTox Dashboard (EPA ) ECHA InfoCard 100.051.952 Formula C 15 H 25 N O 3 Molar mass 267.369 g·mol−1 3D model (JSmol ) Chirality Racemic mixture Melting point 120 °C (248 °F)
O(c1ccc(cc1)CCOC)CC(O)CNC(C)C
InChI=1S/C15H25NO3/c1-12(2)16-10-14(17)11-19-15-6-4-13(5-7-15)8-9-18-3/h4-7,12,14,16-17H,8-11H2,1-3H3
Y Key:IUBSYMUCCVWXPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Y
(verify)
Metoprolol , sold under the brand name Lopressor among others, is a medication used to treat angina and a number of conditions involving an abnormally fast heart rate .[ 4] It is also used to prevent further heart problems after myocardial infarction and to prevent headaches in those with migraines .[ 4] It is a selective β1 receptor blocker medication.[ 4] It is taken by mouth or is given intravenously.[ 4]
Common side effects include trouble sleeping, feeling tired , feeling faint , and abdominal discomfort.[ 4] Large doses may cause serious toxicity.[ 5] [ 6] Risk in pregnancy has not been ruled out.[ 4] [ 7] It appears to be safe in breastfeeding.[ 8] The metabolism of metoprolol can vary widely among patients, often as a result of hepatic impairment[ 9] or CYP2D6 polymorphism.[ 10]
Metoprolol was first made in 1969, patented in 1970, and approved for medical use in 1978.[ 11] [ 12] [ 13] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines .[ 14] It is available as a generic medication .[ 4] In 2022, it was the sixth most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 65 million prescriptions.[ 15] [ 16]
^ "Lopressor Product information" . Health Canada . 22 October 2009. Retrieved 20 June 2023 .
^ "Metolar 25/50 (metoprolol tartrate) tablet" (PDF) . U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) . Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 5 May 2015 .
^ Jasek W, ed. (2007). Austria-Codex (in German) (62nd ed.). Vienna: Österreichischer Apothekerverlag. pp. 916–919. ISBN 978-3852001814 .
^ a b c d e f g "Metoprolol" . The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 12 March 2014. Retrieved 21 April 2014 .
^ Pillay VV (2012). "Diuretics, Antihypertensives, and Antiarrhythmics" . Modern Medical Toxicology . Jaypee Brothers Publishers. p. 303. ISBN 978-9350259658 . Archived from the original on 7 July 2017.
^ Marx JA (2014). "Chapter 152: Cardiovascular Drugs". Rosen's emergency medicine : concepts and clinical practice (8th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1455706051 .
^ "Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database" . Australian Government . 3 March 2014. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 22 April 2014 .
^ Medical Toxicology . Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2004. p. 684. ISBN 978-0781728454 . Archived from the original on 7 July 2017.
^ Regårdh CG, Jordö L, Ervik M, Lundborg P, Olsson R, Rönn O (1981). "Pharmacokinetics of metoprolol in patients with hepatic cirrhosis". Clinical Pharmacokinetics . 6 (5): 375–388. doi :10.2165/00003088-198106050-00004 . PMID 7333059 . S2CID 1042204 .
^ Blake CM, Kharasch ED, Schwab M, Nagele P (September 2013). "A meta-analysis of CYP2D6 metabolizer phenotype and metoprolol pharmacokinetics" . Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics . 94 (3): 394–9. doi :10.1038/clpt.2013.96 . PMC 3818912 . PMID 23665868 .
^ Cite error: The named reference Lopressor: FDA-Approved Drugs
was invoked but never defined (see the help page ).
^ Carlsson B, ed. (1997). Technological systems and industrial dynamics . Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic. p. 106. ISBN 978-0792399728 . Archived from the original on 3 March 2017.
^ Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery . John Wiley & Sons. p. 461. ISBN 978-3527607495 .
^ World Health Organization (2023). The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023) . Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl :10665/371090 . WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.
^ "The Top 300 of 2022" . ClinCalc . Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024 .
^ "Metoprolol Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022" . ClinCalc . Retrieved 30 August 2024 .