Mexicans

"Mexicanos" redirects here. For the suburb of San Salvador, El Salvador, see Mejicanos.
For a specific analysis of the population of Mexico, see Demographics of Mexico. For a more precise analysis on the nationality and identity of Mexico, see Mexican nationality law.

Mexicans
Mexicanos
Total population
c. 137.2 million[1]
Mexican diaspora: c. 12 million
1.9% of the world's population
Regions with significant populations
 Mexico 129,875,529[2]
 United States37,414,772[3]
 Canada155,000[4]
 Spain61,194[5]
 Germany41,000[6]
 France40,000[7][8]
 Brazil24,214[9]
 Guatemala18,000[10]
 United Kingdom16,050[11]
 Chile14,402[12]
 Australia10,754[13]
 Costa Rica10,188[14]
 Bolivia9,797[15]
 Netherlands8,252[16]
 Argentina7,828[17]
  Switzerland7,789[18]
 Israel6,321[19]
 Belize6,000[20]
 Panama5,188[21]
 Italy4,767[22]
 Sweden4,155[23]
 Japan3,504[24]
 China3,361[25]
 Norway3,084[26]
 Colombia3,050[27]
 Belgium2,745[28]
 Ireland2,654[29]
 Austria2,437[30]
 New Zealand2,080[31]
 Paraguay1,805[32]
 United Arab Emirates1,744[33]
 Denmark1,579[34]
 El Salvador1,543[35]
 Ecuador1,503[36]
 Honduras1,468[37]
 Dominican Republic1,298[38]
 Peru1,177[39]
 Finland1,159[40]
 Cuba1,058[41]
Other countries combined370,633[42]
Languages
Spanish, numerous indigenous languages, English, other languages of Mexico[43][44][45]
Religion
Predominantly Roman Catholic; religious minorities including: Protestants, atheists, agnostics and others exist[46]
Related ethnic groups

Mexicans (Spanish: Mexicanos) are the citizens and nationals of the United Mexican States. The Mexican people have varied origins with the most spoken language being Spanish, but many also speak languages from 68 different Indigenous linguistic groups and other languages brought to Mexico by expatriates or recent immigration. In 2020, 19.4% of Mexico's population identified as Indigenous.[2] There are currently about 12 million Mexican nationals residing outside Mexico, with about 11.7 million[47] living in the United States. The larger Mexican diaspora can also include individuals that trace ancestry to Mexico and self-identify as Mexican but are not necessarily Mexican by citizenship. The United States has the largest Mexican population in the world after Mexico at 37,186,361 in 2019.[48]

The modern nation of Mexico achieved independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, after a decade-long war for independence starting in 1810; this began the process of forging a national identity that fused the cultural traits of Indigenous pre-Columbian origin with those of Spanish and African ancestry. This led to what has been termed "a peculiar form of multi-ethnic nationalism"[49] which was more invigorated and developed after the Mexican Revolution when the Constitution of 1917 officially established Mexico as an indivisible pluricultural nation founded on its indigenous roots.[50][51]

  1. ^ "Principales resultados de la Encuesta Intercensal 2015 Estados Unidos Mexicanos" (PDF). INEGI. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 December 2015. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
  2. ^ a b "Censo Población y Vivienda 2020". INEGI. Archived from the original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
  3. ^ "B03001 HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY SPECIFIC ORIGIN – United States – 2022 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau. 1 July 2022.
  4. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Canada, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 20 February 2019. Archived from the original on 6 July 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  5. ^ "Mexicanos residentes en España" (PDF). Instituto de los Mexicanos en el Exterior (IME). Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  6. ^ "Bevölkerung in Privathaushalten nach Migrationshintergrund im weiteren Sinn nach ausgewählten Geburtsstaaten". Federal Statistical Office of Germany. Archived from the original on 20 April 2019. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
  7. ^ "Mexicanos residentes en Francia 2020" (PDF). Mexican Government. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
  8. ^ "Tableau CD-MF2 - Immigrés selon le sexe, la catégorie de population et le pays de naissance détaillé". Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE). 2020. (in French)
  9. ^ Immigrants in Brazil (2024, in Portuguese)
  10. ^ "Immigrant and Emigrant Populations by Country of Origin and Destination". Migration Policy Institute. 17 October 2020. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  11. ^ "Mexicanos residentes en Reino Unido 2020" (PDF) (in Spanish). Institute for Mexicans Abroad. 29 November 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  12. ^ "Mexicanos residentes en Chile 2020" (PDF) (in Spanish). Institute for Mexicans Abroad. 29 November 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  13. ^ "People in Australia who were born in Mexico". Australian Bureau of Statistics.
  14. ^ "Mexicanos residentes en Costa Rica 2020" (PDF) (in Spanish). Institute for Mexicans Abroad. 29 November 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  15. ^ "Mexicanos residentes en Bolivia 2020" (PDF) (in Spanish). Institute for Mexicans Abroad. 29 November 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  16. ^ "Mexicanos residentes en Países Bajos 2020" (PDF) (in Spanish). Institute for Mexicans Abroad. 29 November 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  17. ^ "Mexicanos residentes en Argentina 2020" (PDF) (in Spanish). Institute for Mexicans Abroad. 29 November 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  18. ^ "Suiza – Inmigración". Datosmacro.com (in Spanish). Expansión. 2019. Archived from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  19. ^ "Mexicanos residentes en Israel 2020" (PDF) (in Spanish). Institute for Mexicans Abroad. 29 November 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  20. ^ "Mexicanos residentes en Belice 2020" (PDF) (in Spanish). Institute for Mexicans Abroad. 29 November 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  21. ^ "Mexicanos residentes en Panama 2020" (PDF) (in Spanish). Institute for Mexicans Abroad. 29 November 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  22. ^ "Tuttitalia – cittadini messicani al 2022" (in Italian). Tuttitalia. 2023. Archived from the original on 19 April 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
  23. ^ "Befolkning efter födelseland, ålder, kön och år" (in Swedish). SCB. 29 November 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2024.
  24. ^ "在留外国人統計（旧登録外国人統計）" (in Japanese). 5 July 2024. Retrieved 3 September 2024.
  25. ^ "Mexicanos residentes en Panama 2020" (PDF) (in Spanish). Institute for Mexicans Abroad. 29 November 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  26. ^ "Mexicanos residentes en Panama 2020" (PDF) (in Spanish). Institute for Mexicans Abroad. 29 November 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  27. ^ "Colombia – Inmigración" (in Spanish). Expansión. 2019. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  28. ^ "Bélgica – Inmigración" (in Spanish). Expansión. 2019. Archived from the original on 15 November 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  29. ^ "Mexicanos residentes en Irlanda 2020" (PDF) (in Spanish). Institute for Mexicans Abroad. 29 November 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  30. ^ "Mexicanos residentes en Austria 2020" (PDF) (in Spanish). Institute for Mexicans Abroad. 29 November 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  31. ^ "Mexicanos residentes en Nueva Zelanda 2020" (PDF) (in Spanish). Institute for Mexicans Abroad. 29 November 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  32. ^ "Mexicanos residentes en Paraguay 2020" (PDF) (in Spanish). Institute for Mexicans Abroad. 29 November 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  33. ^ "Mexicanos residentes en Emiratos Árabes Unidos 2020" (PDF) (in Spanish). Institute for Mexicans Abroad. 29 November 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  34. ^ "Mexicanos residentes en Dinamarca 2020" (PDF) (in Spanish). Institute for Mexicans Abroad. 29 November 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 November 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  35. ^ "Mexicanos residentes en El Salvador 2020" (PDF) (in Spanish). Institute for Mexicans Abroad. 29 November 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  36. ^ "Mexicanos residentes en Ecuador 2020" (PDF) (in Spanish). Institute for Mexicans Abroad. 29 November 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  37. ^ "Mexicanos residentes en Honduras 2020" (PDF) (in Spanish). Institute for Mexicans Abroad. 29 November 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  38. ^ "Mexicanos residentes en República Dominicana 2020" (PDF) (in Spanish). Institute for Mexicans Abroad. 29 November 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  39. ^ "Mexicanos residentes en Perú 2020" (PDF) (in Spanish). Institute for Mexicans Abroad. 29 November 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  40. ^ "Finlandia – Inmigración" (in Spanish). Expansión. 2019. Archived from the original on 16 February 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  41. ^ "Mexicanos residentes en Cuba 2020" (PDF) (in Spanish). Institute for Mexicans Abroad. 29 November 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  42. ^ "Población Mexicana en el mundo 2020" (PDF) (in Spanish). Institute for Mexicans Abroad. 29 November 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
  43. ^ "Language & country list" (PDF). Multicultural Clinical Support Resource. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
  44. ^ "Censo de Población y vivienda 2020: Lenguas e Idiomas". INEGI (in Spanish). 30 August 2021. Archived from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2022.
  45. ^ "Mexico – Languages". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
  46. ^ "Censo de Población y Vivienda 2010 – Cuestionario básico". INEGI. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 4 March 2011.
  47. ^ "Los mexicanos en Estados Unidos: La importancia de sus contribuciones" (PDF). Secretariat of Foreign Affairs (Mexico). Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 May 2015. Retrieved 31 May 2015.
  48. ^ "B03001 Hispanic or Latino Origin By Specific Origin – United States – 2019 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau. 1 July 2019. Archived from the original on 15 November 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  49. ^ Wimmer, Andreas (2002). Nationalist exclusion and ethnic conflict: shadows of modernity. Cambridge University Press. p. 115.
  50. ^ "What the Textbooks Have To Say About the Conquest of Mexico: Some Suggestions for Questions to Ask of the Evidence". American Historical Association. Archived from the original on 21 July 2021. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
  51. ^ "Historia del pueblo mexicano" (PDF) (in Spanish).