Microbiologically induced calcite precipitation

Part of a series related to
Biomineralization
General
Exoskeletons (shells)
Endoskeletons (bones)
Teeth, scales, tusks etc
Calcification
Silicification
Other forms
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Microbiologically induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a bio-geochemical process that induces calcium carbonate precipitation within the soil matrix.[1] Biomineralization in the form of calcium carbonate precipitation can be traced back to the Precambrian period.[2] Calcium carbonate can be precipitated in three polymorphic forms, which in the order of their usual stabilities are calcite, aragonite and vaterite.[3] The main groups of microorganisms that can induce the carbonate precipitation are photosynthetic microorganisms such as cyanobacteria and microalgae; sulfate-reducing bacteria; and some species of microorganisms involved in nitrogen cycle.[4] Several mechanisms have been identified by which bacteria can induce the calcium carbonate precipitation, including urea hydrolysis, denitrification, sulfate production, and iron reduction.[5] Two different pathways, or autotrophic and heterotrophic pathways, through which calcium carbonate is produced have been identified. There are three autotrophic pathways, which all result in depletion of carbon dioxide and favouring calcium carbonate precipitation.[6] In heterotrophic pathway, two metabolic cycles can be involved: the nitrogen cycle and the sulfur cycle.[7] Several applications of this process have been proposed, such as remediation of cracks and corrosion prevention in concrete,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] biogrout,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] sequestration of radionuclides and heavy metals.[25][26][27][28][29][30][excessive citations]

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  2. ^ Ercole, C.; Cacchio, P.; Cappuccio, G.; Lepidi, A. (2001). "Deposition of calcium carbonate in karst caves: role of bacteria in Stiffe's Cave". International Journal of Speleology. 30A (1/4): 69–79. doi:10.5038/1827-806x.30.1.6.
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  7. ^ Seifan, Mostafa; Berenjian, Aydin (2019-06-01). "Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation: a widespread phenomenon in the biological world". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 103 (12): 4693–4708. doi:10.1007/s00253-019-09861-5. hdl:10289/12913. ISSN 1432-0614. PMID 31076835. S2CID 149445509.
  8. ^ Seifan, Mostafa; Samani, Ali Khajeh; Berenjian, Aydin (2016-03-01). "Bioconcrete: next generation of self-healing concrete". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 100 (6): 2591–2602. doi:10.1007/s00253-016-7316-z. hdl:10289/11244. ISSN 1432-0614. PMID 26825821. S2CID 8684622.
  9. ^ Seifan, Mostafa; Sarmah, Ajit K.; Ebrahiminezhad, Alireza; Ghasemi, Younes; Samani, Ali Khajeh; Berenjian, Aydin (2018-03-01). "Bio-reinforced self-healing concrete using magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 102 (5): 2167–2178. doi:10.1007/s00253-018-8782-2. ISSN 1432-0614. PMID 29380030. S2CID 46766589.
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  13. ^ Bang, S.S.; Lippert, J.J.; Mulukutla, S.; Ramakrishnan (2010). "Microbial calcite, a bio-based smart nanomaterial in concrete remediation". International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials. 1 (1): 28–39. doi:10.1080/19475411003593451.
  14. ^ Jonkers, H.M.; Thijssena, A.; Muyzerb, G.; Copuroglua, O.; Schlangen, E. (2010). "Application of bacteria as self-healing agent for the development of sustainable concrete". Ecological Engineering. 36 (2): 230–235. doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2008.12.036.
  15. ^ Ramachandran, S.K.; Ramakrishnan, V.; Bang, S.S. (2001). "Remediation of concrete using microorganisms". ACI Materials Journal. 98: 3–9. doi:10.14359/10154.
  16. ^ De Muynck, W.; Cox, K.; De Belie, N.; Verstraete, W. (2008). "Bacterial carbonate precipitation as an alternative surface treatment for concrete". Construction and Building Materials. 22 (5): 875–885. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.12.011.
  17. ^ Al-Thawadi (2011). "Ureolytic bacteria and calcium carbonate formation as a mechanism of strength enhancement of sand". Journal of Advanced Science and Engineering Research. 1: 98–114.
  18. ^ Barkouki, T.; Martinez, B.C.; Mortensen, B.M.; Weathers, T.S.; DeJong, J.T.; Ginn, T.R.; Spycher, N.F.; Smith, R.W.; Fujita, Y. (2011). "Forward and inverse bio-mediated modeling og microbially induced calcite precipitation in half-meter column experiments". Transport in Porous Media. 90: 23–39. doi:10.1007/s11242-011-9804-z. S2CID 140144699.
  19. ^ Chou, C.-W.; Seagren, E.A.; Aydilek, A.H.; Lai, M. (2011). "Biocalcification of sand through ureolysis". Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. 127 (12): 1179–1189. doi:10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0000532.
  20. ^ DeJong, J.T.; Fritzges, M.B.; Nüsslein, K. (2006). "Microbial Induced Cementation to Control Sand Response to Undrained Shear". Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. 132 (11): 1381–1392. doi:10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(2006)132:11(1381).
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