| Middlesex | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Historic county | |||||
| 1965 | |||||
| |||||
 Middlesex within Great Britain as of 1888 | |||||
| Area | |||||
| • 1801/1881 | 734 km2 (181,320 acres)[1] | ||||
| • 1911 | 601.8 km2 (148,701 acres)[2] | ||||
| • 1961 | 601.7 km2 (148,691 acres)[2] | ||||
| • Coordinates | 51°30′N 0°25′W / 51.500°N 0.417°W | ||||
| Area transferred | |||||
| • 1889 | Metropolitan parishes to County of London | ||||
| Population | |||||
| • 1801 | 818,129[1] | ||||
| • 1881 | 2,920,485[1] | ||||
| • 1911 | 1,126,465[2] | ||||
| • 1961 | 2,234,543[2] | ||||
| Density | |||||
| • 1801 | 11 inhabitants per hectare (4.5/acre) | ||||
| • 1881 | 40 inhabitants per hectare (16.1/acre) | ||||
| • 1911 | 19 inhabitants per hectare (7.6/acre) | ||||
| • 1961 | 37 inhabitants per hectare (15/acre) | ||||
| History | |||||
| • Preceded by | Kingdom of Essex | ||||
| • Origin | Middle Saxons | ||||
| • Created | Early Middle Ages | ||||
| Status | Ceremonial county (until 1965) Administrative county (1889–1965) | ||||
| Chapman code | MDX[note 1] | ||||
| Government | Middlesex Quarter Sessions (until 1889)[note 2] Within the metropolis: Metropolitan Board of Works (1855–1889) Middlesex County Council (1889–1965) | ||||
| • HQ | see text | ||||
| Subdivisions | |||||
| • Type | Hundreds (ancient) Districts (1835–1965) | ||||
Middlesex (/ˈmɪdəlsɛks/; abbreviation: Middx) is a historic county, a former post county, and a former administrative county in South East England;[3] it is now mainly within the ceremonial county of Greater London, with small sections in neighbouring ceremonial counties. The county's boundaries largely followed three rivers: the Thames in the south, the Lea to the east and the Colne to the west. A line of hills formed the northern boundary with Hertfordshire. The county was the second smallest of the historic counties of England, after Rutland.
The name of the county derives from its origin as a homeland for the Middle Saxon people in the early Middle Ages,[4] with the county subsequently formed from part of that territory in either the ninth or tenth century. The City of London became a self governing county corporate in the twelfth century; it was able to exert political influence in Middlesex as the sheriffs of London were given jurisdiction there, though the county otherwise remained separate.[5] To the east of the City, the Tower Division (or Tower Hamlets) had considerable autonomy under its own Lord Lieutenant. To the west, precincts around Westminster and Charing Cross became built up.
Despite London's expansion into rural Middlesex, the Corporation of London resisted attempts to expand the City of London boundaries into the county, posing problems for the administration of local government, public infrastructure, and justice. In the eighteenth and ninteenth centuries the population density was especially high in the southeast of the county, including the East and West Ends of London. In 1855 the densely populated southeast, together with sections of Kent and Surrey, came under the Metropolitan Board of Works for certain infrastructure purposes, while remaining a part of Middlesex.[6] and the Metropolitan Police also developed in the nineteenth century.
When county councils were introduced in 1889, about twenty per cent of the area of the historic county, along with a third of its population, was incorporated into the new administrative County of London. The remainder formed the administrative county of Middlesex, governed by the Middlesex County Council,[7] which met regularly at the Middlesex Guildhall in Westminster. Further suburban growth, stimulated by the improvement and expansion of public transport,[8] as well as the setting up of new industries, led to the creation of Greater London in 1965, an area which included almost all of the historic county of Middlesex, with the rest included in neighbouring ceremonial counties.[9]
- ^ a b c "Table of population, 1801–1901". A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 22. 1911. Retrieved 20 February 2008.
- ^ a b c d Great Britain Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth, Middlesex population (area and density). Retrieved 20 February 2008.
- ^ Francis Sheppard; Victor Belche; Philip Cottrell (1979). "The Middlesex and Yorkshire deeds registries and the study of building fluctuations". The London Journal. 5 (2). Taylor & Francis Online: 176–217. doi:10.1179/ldn.1979.5.2.176.
- ^ Kessler, P. L. "Kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxons - Middle Saxons". The History Files. Retrieved 29 April 2024.
- ^ Victoria County History. A history of the County of Middlesex. Vol. 2. pp. 15–60. Paragraph 12. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
- ^ Saint, A., Politics and the people of London: the London County Council (1889–1965) (1989)
- ^ Barlow, I., Metropolitan Government, (1991)
- ^ Wolmar, C., The Subterranean Railway, (2004)
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
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