Miglitol

Miglitol
Clinical data
Trade names	Glyset
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a601079
License data	US FDA: Miglitol;
Pregnancy; category	AU: B3; ;
Routes of; administration	By mouth (tablets)
ATC code	A10BF02 (WHO) ;
Legal status
Legal status	US: ℞-only;
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Dose-dependent
Protein binding	Negligible (<4.0%)
Metabolism	Nil
Elimination half-life	2 hours
Excretion	Renal (95%)
Identifiers
	IUPAC name (2R,3R,4R,5S)-1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl); piperidine-3,4,5-triol;
CAS Number	72432-03-2 ;
PubChem CID	441314;
IUPHAR/BPS	4842;
DrugBank	DB00491 ;
ChemSpider	390074 ;
UNII	0V5436JAQW;
KEGG	D00625 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1561 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID0023323 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.069.670
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C8H17NO5
Molar mass	207.226 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Density	1.458 g/cm3
Melting point	114 °C (237 °F)
	SMILES OCCN1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C1)CO;
	InChI InChI=1S/C8H17NO5/c10-2-1-9-3-6(12)8(14)7(13)5(9)4-11/h5-8,10-14H,1-4H2/t5-,6+,7-,8-/m1/s1 ; Key:IBAQFPQHRJAVAV-ULAWRXDQSA-N ;
	(verify)

Miglitol is an oral alpha-glucosidase inhibitor used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It works by reversibly inhibiting alpha-glucosidase enzymes in the small intestine, which delays the digestion of complex carbohydrates and subsequently reduces postprandial glucose levels.^[1] Approved for clinical use since 1998, miglitol has demonstrated efficacy in improving glycemic control, reducing HbA1c levels, and decreasing both fasting and postprandial plasma glucose concentrations in long-term clinical trials.^[1]^[2] Additionally, recent studies have suggested that miglitol may have potential as an anti-obesity agent, showing promise in reducing body weight and body mass index in obese or diabetic patients.^[3] While generally well-tolerated, the most common side effects associated with miglitol are gastrointestinal disturbances, which are typically mild to moderate and tend to decrease over time.^[1]

It must be taken at the start of main meals to have maximal effect^[4]

In contrast to acarbose (another alpha-glucosidase inhibitor), miglitol is systemically absorbed; however, it is not metabolized and is excreted by the kidneys.

^ ^a ^b ^c Scott LJ, Spencer CM (March 2000). "Miglitol: a review of its therapeutic potential in type 2 diabetes mellitus". Drugs. 59 (3): 521–49. doi:10.2165/00003495-200059030-00012. PMID 10776834.
^ "Migliotl: MedlinePlus Drug Information". MedlinePlus. National Institutes of Health. 1 September 2010. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
^ Sugimoto S, Nakajima H, Kosaka K, Hosoi H (2015). "Review: Miglitol has potential as a therapeutic drug against obesity". Nutrition & Metabolism. 12: 51. doi:10.1186/s12986-015-0048-8. PMC 4666030. PMID 26628904.
^ "Glyset (miglitol) tablets label - Accessdata FDA" (PDF). Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. August 2012. Retrieved 13 April 2013.

[Scott_2000-1] Scott LJ, Spencer CM (March 2000). "Miglitol: a review of its therapeutic potential in type 2 diabetes mellitus". Drugs. 59 (3): 521–49. doi:10.2165/00003495-200059030-00012. PMID 10776834.

[medline-2] "Migliotl: MedlinePlus Drug Information". MedlinePlus. National Institutes of Health. 1 September 2010. Retrieved 13 April 2013.

[Sugimoto_2015-3] Sugimoto S, Nakajima H, Kosaka K, Hosoi H (2015). "Review: Miglitol has potential as a therapeutic drug against obesity". Nutrition & Metabolism. 12: 51. doi:10.1186/s12986-015-0048-8. PMC 4666030. PMID 26628904.

[FDA-4] "Glyset (miglitol) tablets label - Accessdata FDA" (PDF). Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. August 2012. Retrieved 13 April 2013.

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