Million Programme

Refurbished Million Programme homes in Rinkeby (2009)

The Million Programme (Swedish: Miljonprogrammet) was a large public housing program implemented in Sweden between 1965 and 1974 by the governing Swedish Social Democratic Party to ensure the availability of affordable, high-quality housing to all Swedish citizens. The program sought to construct one million new housing dwellings over a ten-year period, which it accomplished.[a][1] As part of its intention to modernize Swedish housing, it also demolished many older buildings that national and local governments considered obsolescent, unhealthy or derelict.[2]

At the time, the intention to build one million new homes in a nation with a population of eight million made the Million Programme the most ambitious building programme in the world.[citation needed] In contrast to the social housing proposals of many other developed countries, which is targeted at those with low incomes, the Million Programme was a universal program intended to provide housing to Swedish people at a variety of income levels.[b][6]


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  1. ^ Hall, Thomas; Vidén, Sonja (July 2005). "The Million Homes Programme: a review of the great Swedish planning project". Planning Perspectives. 20 (3): 301–328. Bibcode:2005PlPer..20..301H. doi:10.1080/02665430500130233. S2CID 154380408 – via Taylor & Francis Online.
  2. ^ Verkasalo, Aino; Hirvonen, Jukka (June 2017). "Post-war urban renewal and demolition fluctuations in Sweden". Planning Perspectives. 32 (3): 425–435. Bibcode:2017PlPer..32..425V. doi:10.1080/02665433.2017.1299635. S2CID 114195047 – via Taylor & Francis Online.
  3. ^ Lundberg, Urban; Åmark, Klas (2001). "Social Rights and Social Security: The Swedish Welfare State, 1900–2000". Scandinavian Journal of History. 26 (3): 157–176. doi:10.1080/034687501750303837. PMID 17844640. S2CID 30803271 – via Taylor & Francis Online.
  4. ^ Bengtsson, Bo (November 2001). "Housing as a Social Right: Implications for Welfare State Theory". Scandinavian Political Studies. 24 (4): 255–275. doi:10.1111/1467-9477.00056 – via Wiley Online Library.
  5. ^ Holmqvist, Emma; Turner, Lena Magnusson (2014). "Swedish welfare state and housing markets: under economic and political pressure". Journal of Housing and the Built Environment. 29 (2): 237–254. doi:10.1007/s10901-013-9391-0. S2CID 254703820 – via SpringerLink.
  6. ^ Hatherly, Owen (June 16, 2013). "How Sweden's innovative housing programme fell foul of privatisation". The Guardian. Archived from the original on April 2, 2022.