Mindfulness-based stress reduction

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Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) therapy is a mindfulness-based program (MBP) designed for stress management and used to treat other conditions.[1][2] It is structured as an eight to ten week group program.[3]

MBSR was developed in the late 1970s by Jon Kabat-Zinn at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center. It incorporates a blend of mindfulness meditation, body awareness, yoga, and the exploration of patterns of behavior, thinking, feeling, and action.[4][5] Mindfulness can be understood as the non-judgmental acceptance and investigation of present experience, including body sensations, internal mental states, thoughts, emotions, impulses and memories, in order to reduce suffering or distress and to increase well-being.[4][6]

Mindfulness meditation is a method by which attention skills are cultivated, emotional regulation is developed, and rumination and worry are significantly reduced.[6][7][4] During the past decades, mindfulness meditation has been the subject of more controlled clinical research, which suggests its potential beneficial effects for mental health,[8][9][10] athletic performance,[11][12] as well as physical health.[13][14][15] While MBSR has its roots in wisdom teachings of Zen Buddhism, Hatha Yoga, Vipassana and Advaita Vedanta, the program itself is secular.[4][16] The MBSR program is described in detail in Kabat-Zinn's 1990 book Full Catastrophe Living.[4]

  1. ^ Niazi A, Niazi S (2011). "Mindfulness-based stress reduction: A non-pharmacological approach for chronic illnesses". North American Journal of Medical Sciences. 3 (1): 20–23. doi:10.4297/najms.2011.320. ISSN 1947-2714. PMC 3336928. PMID 22540058.
  2. ^ Landau SD, Jones FW (2021-07-01). "Finding the Spiritual in the Secular: A Meta-analysis of Changes in Spirituality Following Secular Mindfulness-Based Programs". Mindfulness. 12 (7): 1567–1581. doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01600-0. ISSN 1868-8535.
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference MBSR 2003 meta-analysis was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b c d e Kabat-Zinn J (2013). Full Catastrophe Living: Using the Wisdom of Your Body and Mind to Face Stress, Pain, and Illness. New York: Bantam Dell. ISBN 978-0-345-53972-4.
  5. ^ Kabat-Zinn J. (2003). "Mindfulness-based interventions in context: past, present, and future". Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice. 10 (2): 144–156. doi:10.1093/clipsy.bpg016.
  6. ^ a b Creswell JD (January 2017). "Mindfulness Interventions". Annual Review of Psychology. 68: 491–516. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-042716-051139. PMID 27687118.
  7. ^ Gu J, Strauss C, Bond R, Cavanagh K (April 2015). "How do mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction improve mental health and wellbeing? A systematic review and meta-analysis of mediation studies". Clinical Psychology Review. 37: 1–12. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.01.006. PMID 25689576. S2CID 4117449.
  8. ^ Khoury B, Sharma M, Rush SE, Fournier C (June 2015). "Mindfulness-based stress reduction for healthy individuals: A meta-analysis". Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 78 (6): 519–528. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.03.009. PMID 25818837.
  9. ^ Goldberg SB, Tucker RP, Greene PA, Davidson RJ, Wampold BE, Kearney DJ, Simpson TL (February 2018). "Mindfulness-based interventions for psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Clinical Psychology Review. 59: 52–60. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.10.011. PMC 5741505. PMID 29126747.
  10. ^ Boyd JE, Lanius RA, McKinnon MC (January 2018). "Mindfulness-based treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder: a review of the treatment literature and neurobiological evidence". Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience. 43 (1): 7–25. doi:10.1503/jpn.170021. PMC 5747539. PMID 29252162.
  11. ^ Jones BJ, Kaur S, Miller M, Spencer RM (2020). "Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Benefits Psychological Well-Being, Sleep Quality, and Athletic Performance in Female Collegiate Rowers". Frontiers in Psychology. 11. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.572980. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 7531189. PMID 33071908.
  12. ^ di Fronso S, Robazza C, Pompa D, Bertollo M (2024-01-15). "Dreaming while awake: The beneficial effects of yoga Nidra on mental and physical recovery in two elite karate athletes". Heliyon. 10 (1): e24180. Bibcode:2024Heliy..1024180D. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24180. ISSN 2405-8440. PMC 10806354. PMID 38268574.
  13. ^ Black DS, Slavich GM (June 2016). "Mindfulness meditation and the immune system: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1373 (1): 13–24. Bibcode:2016NYASA1373...13B. doi:10.1111/nyas.12998. PMC 4940234. PMID 26799456.
  14. ^ Karunamuni N, Imayama I, Goonetilleke D (March 2021). "Pathways to well-being: Untangling the causal relationships among biopsychosocial variables". Social Science & Medicine. 272: 112846. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112846. PMID 32089388. S2CID 211262159.
  15. ^ Creswell JD, Lindsay EK, Villalba DK, Chin B (April 2019). "Mindfulness Training and Physical Health: Mechanisms and Outcomes". Psychosomatic Medicine. 81 (3): 224–232. doi:10.1097/PSY.0000000000000675. PMC 6613793. PMID 30806634.
  16. ^ Kathirasan K, Rai S (2023-02-20). "The Mindfulness-Based Wellbeing Enhancement (MBWE) Curriculum". Introducing Mindfulness-Based Wellbeing Enhancement. London: Routledge. pp. 240–247. doi:10.4324/9781003322955-4. ISBN 978-1-003-32295-5.