| Mirandese | |
|---|---|
| mirandés, lhéngua/léngua mirandesa | |
| Native to | Portugal |
| Region | Eastern Tierra de Miranda (Miranda de l Douro and eastern Bumioso) |
Native speakers | 3,500 speakers, 1,500 common users of the language.[1] (2020) |
Early forms | |
| Official status | |
Official language in | Co-official recognition. Special protection status in Miranda de l Douro, Portugal. Statutory language of provincial identity in 4 municipalities, northeast Portugal (1999, Law No. 7-99 of 29 January).[2] |
| Regulated by | Anstituto de la Lhéngua Mirandesa |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-2 | mwl |
| ISO 639-3 | mwl |
| Glottolog | mira1251 |
| ELP | Miranda do Douro |
| Linguasphere | 51-AAA-cb |
 Mirandese speaking area, highlighting its three dialects
Central Mirandese
Sendinese Mirandese
Raiano Mirandese | |
 Mirandese is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger [3] | |
Mirandese (mirandés [mi.ɾɐ̃ˈdɛs̺; mi.ɾɐnˈdɛs̺]; lhéngua mirandesa [ˈʎɛ̃.gwɐ/ˈʎɛn.gwɐ mi.ɾɐ̃ˈdɛz̺ɐ/ mi.ɾɐnˈdɛz̺ɐ] in Central and Raiano, and léngua mirandesa [ˈlɛ̃.gwɐ/ˈlɛn.gwɐ mi.ɾɐ̃ˈdɛz̺ɐ/ mi.ɾɐnˈdɛz̺ɐ] in Sendinese) is an Asturleonese[4] language or variety that is sparsely spoken in a small area of northeastern Portugal in eastern Tierra de Miranda (made up of the municipalities of Miranda de l Douro, Mogadouro and Bumioso, being extinct in Mogadouro and present in Bumioso only in some eastern villages, like Angueira). The Assembly of the Republic granted it official recognition alongside Portuguese for local matters with Law 7/99 of 29 January 1999.[5] In 2001, Mirandese was officially recognised by the European Bureau for Lesser-Used Languages, which aims to promote the survival of the least spoken European languages.[6]
Mirandese has a distinct phonology, morphology and syntax. It has its roots in the local Vulgar Latin spoken in the northern Iberian Peninsula.
Mirandese is a descendant of the Astur-Leonese variety spoken in the Kingdom of León and has both archaisms and innovations that differentiate it from the modern varieties of Astur-Leonese spoken in Spain. In recognition of these differences, and due to its political isolation from the rest of the Astur-Leonese speaking territory, Mirandese has adopted a different written norm to the one used in Spain for Astur-Leonese.
- ^ "Mirandês "está numa situação muito crítica" e pode desaparecer". Diário de Notícias. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
- ^ Mirandese language at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ "Mirandese in Portugal | UNESCO WAL".
- ^ "Discovering Mirandese". Terminology Coordination Unit. 26 May 2015. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
- ^ "Lei 7/99, 1999-01-29". Diário da República Eletrónico (in Portuguese). Retrieved 24 January 2020.
- ^ Svobodová, Petra. "Mirandese language and its influence on the culture of the municipality of Miranda do Douro". Universidade Palacký.