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Misandry (/mɪsˈændri/) is the hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against men or boys.[1][2]
Men's rights activists (MRAs) and other masculinist groups have characterized modern laws concerning divorce, domestic violence, conscription, circumcision (known as male genital mutilation by opponents), and treatment of male rape victims as examples of institutional misandry. However, in virtually all societies, misandry lacks institutional and systemic support comparable to misogyny, the hatred of women.[3][4][5]
In the Internet Age, users posting on manosphere internet forums such as 4chan and subreddits addressing men's rights activism have claimed that misandry is widespread, established in preferential treatment of women, and shown by discrimination against men.[4][6]
Many scholars criticize MRAs for promoting a false equivalence between misandry and misogyny,[7]: 132 [8][9] arguing that modern activism around misandry represents an antifeminist backlash, promoted by marginalized[citation needed] men.[8][10][11][12][13] The false idea that misandry is commonplace among feminists is so widespread that it has been called the "misandry myth" by 40 topic experts.[14]
- ^ "Misandry" Archived 19 February 2020 at the Wayback Machine at Oxford English Dictionary Online (ODO), Third Edition, June 2002. Accessed through library subscription on 25 July 2014. Earliest recorded use: 1885. Blackwood's Edinb. Mag, Sept. 289/1 No man whom she cared for had ever proposed to marry her. She could not account for it, and it was a growing source of bitterness, of misogyny as well as misandry.
- ^ "Misandry" Archived 19 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine at Merriam-Webster online ("First Known Use: circa 1909")
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Gilmore p10was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Ouellette, Marc (2007). "Misandry". In Flood, Michael; et al. (eds.). International Encyclopedia of Men and Masculinities. Routledge. pp. 442–443. ISBN 978-1-1343-1707-3.
- ^ Ferguson, Frances; Bloch, R. Howard (1989). Misogyny, Misandry, and Misanthropy. University of California Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-520-06546-8.
- ^ Riggio, Heidi R. (2020). "Online Sexism and Anti-Feminism Movements". Sex and Gender: A Biopsychological Approach. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-06630-2.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Kimmel 2013was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Marwick p553was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Ging, Debbie; Siapera, Eugenia (July 2018). "Online Misogyny: Introduction". Feminist Media Studies. 18: 515–524. doi:10.1080/14680777.2018.1447345. S2CID 149613969. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
- ^ Barker, Kim; Jurasz, Olga (2018). Online Misogyny as Hate Crime: A Challenge for Legal Regulation?. Routledge. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-138-59037-3.
- ^ Berger, Michele Tracy; Radeloff, Cheryl (2014). Transforming Scholarship: Why Women's and Gender Studies Students Are Changing Themselves and the World. Taylor & Francis. pp. 128–129. ISBN 978-1-135-04519-7.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Sugiura p102was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Lumsden, Karen (2019). "'I Want to Kill You in Front of Your Children' Is Not a Threat. It's an Expression of Desire': Discourses of Online Abuse, Trolling and Violence on r/MensRights". In Karen Lumsden; Emily Hamer (eds.). Online Othering: Exploring Digital Violence and Discrimination on the Web. Palgrave Studies in Cybercrime and Cybersecurity. Springer. pp. 91–120. ISBN 978-3-030-12633-9.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
misandrymythwas invoked but never defined (see the help page).