Mitral stenosis

Mitral stenosis
Mitral stenosis with marked thickening of the leaflets and left atrial hypertrophy. Superior view. Autopsy preparation.
SpecialtyCardiology
Symptoms
  • dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
  • Palpitations
  • Chest pain
  • Hemoptysis
  • Ascites, edema and hepatomegaly

Late Stage:

  • Thromboembolism
Causesrheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease
Diagnostic methodPhysical Examination, Chest X-ray, Echocardiography, Electrocardiography
TreatmentMitral valve replacement, mitral valvuloplasty

Mitral stenosis is a valvular heart disease characterized by the narrowing of the opening of the mitral valve of the heart.[1] It is almost always caused by rheumatic valvular heart disease. Normally, the mitral valve is about 5 cm2 during diastole. Any decrease in area below 2 cm2 causes mitral stenosis. Early diagnosis of mitral stenosis in pregnancy is very important as the heart cannot tolerate increased cardiac output demand as in the case of exercise and pregnancy. Atrial fibrillation is a common complication of resulting left atrial enlargement, which can lead to systemic thromboembolic complications such as stroke.[2]

  1. ^ Carabello, B. A. (2005). "Modern Management of Mitral Stenosis". Circulation. 112 (3): 432–7. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.532498. PMID 16027271.
  2. ^ Davidson, Stanley (2014). Principles and Practice of Medicine. Churchill Livingstone. p. 616. ISBN 9780702050473.