Mixite

Mixite
Turquoise-blue mixite, Laurium, Greece. Size: 6.8 x 5.0 x 3.6 cm.
General
CategoryArsenate mineral
Formula
(repeating unit)		BiCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6·3(H2O)
IMA symbolMix[1]
Strunz classification8.DL.15
Crystal systemHexagonal
Crystal classDipyramidal (6/m)
(same H-M symbol)
Space groupP63/m
Unit cella = 13.646(2) Å,
c = 5.920(1) Å; Z = 2
Identification
ColorBlue to emerald-green, pale green, white
Crystal habitAcicular crystals often in radial clusters
FractureUneven
Mohs scale hardness3–4
LusterVitreous
StreakPale green
DiaphaneityTransparent to translucent
Specific gravity3.79–3.83
Optical propertiesUniaxial (+)
Refractive indexnω = 1.743 – 1.749 nε = 1.810 – 1.830
Birefringenceδ = 0.067
PleochroismO = colorless, E = bright green
References[2][3][4]

Mixite is a rare copper bismuth arsenate mineral with formula: BiCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6·3(H2O). It crystallizes in the hexagonal crystal system typically occurring as radiating acicular prisms and massive encrustations. The color varies from white to various shades of green and blue. It has a Mohs hardness of 3.5 to 4 and a specific gravity of 3.8. It has an uneven fracture and a brilliant to adamantine luster.

It occurs as a secondary mineral in the oxidized zones of copper deposits. Associated minerals include: bismutite, smaltite, native bismuth, atelestite, erythrite, malachite and barite.[2]

It was discovered in 1879 near J´achymov, Czech Republic by mine engineer Anton Mixa.[5] Mixite has also been found in Argentina,[6] Australia,[7] Austria,[8] France,[9] Germany,[10] Greece,[11] Hungary,[12] Italy,[13] Japan,[14] Mexico,[15] Namibia,[16] Poland,[17] Spain,[18] Switzerland,[19] the United Kingdom,[20] and the United States.[21]

Mixite is the namesake member of the mixite mineral group, which has the general chemical formula Cu2+6A(TO4)3(OH)6·3H2O, where A is a REE, Al, Ca, Pb, or Bi, and T is P or As. In addition to mixite, this mineral group contains the isostructural minerals agardite-(Y),[22][23] agardite-(Ce),[24] agardite-(Nd),[25] agardite-(La),[26] calciopetersite,[27] goudeyite,[28] petersite-(Ce),[29] petersite-(Y),[23][30] plumboagardite,[31] and zálesíite.[32]

  1. ^ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
  2. ^ a b Mineral data publishing PDF
  3. ^ Mindat data with locations
  4. ^ Webmineral data
  5. ^ Schrauf A (1880) Ueber Arsenate von Joachimsthal. 1. Mixit, ein neues Kupferwismuthhydroarsenat, Zeitschrift für Krystallographie und Mineralogie (in German) 4, 277–285
  6. ^ Lapis 8(4), 25 (1983).
  7. ^ Kolitsch, U. and Elliott, P. (1999): Mineralogy of the Mount Malvern Mine near Clarendon, South Australia. Australian J. Mineral. 5, 3–17.
  8. ^ G. Blass, A. Pichler: Carinthia II 191./111.: 43–55 (2001); Kolitsch,
  9. ^ Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997.
  10. ^ Aufschluss 1986(11), 370ff.
  11. ^ Voudouris, P. & Economou-Eliopoulus, M. (2003): Mineralogy and chemistry of Cu-rich ores from the Kamariza carbonate-hosted deposit (Lavrion), Greece. In: Eliopoulos et al. (Eds.): Mineral Exploration and Sustainable Development. Millpress, Rotterdam, 1039–1042.
  12. ^ Geoda 2012/I.
  13. ^ Piccoli, G.C. (2002): Minerali delle Alpi Marittime e Cozie. Provincia di Cuneo. Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio", Ed., Alba, 366 pp.; Piccoli, G. C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., & Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo F. Eusebio – Alba, 607 pag.
  14. ^ Matsubara et al (1992) Ganseki-Koubutsu-Koshogaku Zasshi, 87, 147–148.
  15. ^ Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837–1892, Volume II: 944.
  16. ^ Gebhard, G. (1999): Tsumeb II. A Unique Mineral Locality. GG Publishing, Grossenseifen, Germany
  17. ^ Domańska, J.: Rędziny. Otoczak, nr. 29, p. 38-52.
  18. ^ VIÑALS, J., CALVO, M., and MARTÍ, J. (2004): Parnauita, paratacamita y otros minerales secundarios de Cerro Minado, Almería. Revista de Minerales, 2, 5, 47–49.(in Spanish). Versions simultaneously published in Catalan (Mineralogistes de Catalunya) and in English version (Mineral Up)
  19. ^ Ansermet, S. (2012): Mines et minéraux du Valais – II. Anniviers et Tourtemagne. With contributions by N. Meisser, Ed. Porte-plumes (Ayer).
  20. ^ Golley, P., and Williams, R. (1995): Cornish Mineral Reference Manual. Endsleigh Publications (Truro), 104 pp.
  21. ^ Grant, Raymond W., Bideaux, R.A., and Williams, S.A. (2006) Minerals Added to the Arizona List 1995–2005: 6.
  22. ^ Dietrich J E, Orliac M, Permingeat F (1969) L’agardite, une nouvelle espèce minérale, et le problème du chlorotile, Bulletin de la Société Française de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie 92, 420–434
  23. ^ a b Nickel E H, Mandarino J A (1987) Procedures involving the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names and guidelines on mineral nomenclature, American Mineralogist 72, 1031–1042
  24. ^ Walenta K, Theye T (2004) Agardite-(Ce) of the Clara mine in the central Black Forest, Aufschluss 55, 17–23
  25. ^ Pekov I V, Chukanov N V, Zadov A E, Voudouris P, Magganas A, Katerinopoulos A (2011) Agardite-(Nd), NdCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O, from the Hilarion Mine, Lavrion, Greece: mineral description and chemical relations with other members of the agardite-zálesíite solid-solution system, Journal of Geosciences 57, 249–255
  26. ^ Fehr T, Hochleitner R (1984) Agardite-La. Ein neues mineral von Lavrion, Griechenland, Lapis 9, 22–37
  27. ^ Sejkora J, Novotný P, Novák M, Šrein V, Berlepsch P (2005) Calciopetersite from Domašov nad Bystricí, Northern Moravia, Czech Republic, a new mineral species of the mixite group, The Canadian Mineralogist 43, 1393–1400
  28. ^ Wise W S (1978) Parnauite and goudeyite, two new copper arsenate minerals from the Majuba Hill Mine, Pershing County, Nevada, American Mineralogist 63, 704–708
  29. ^ Williams P A, Hatert F, Pasero M, Mills S J (2014) IMA Commission on new minerals, nomenclature and classification (CNMNC) Newsletter 20. New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2014. Mineralogical Magazine 78, 549–558
  30. ^ Peacor D R, Dunn P J (1982) Petersite, a REE and phosphate analog of mixite, American Mineralogist 67, 1039–1042
  31. ^ Walenta K, Theye T (2005) Plumboagardite, a new mineral of the mixite group from an occurrence in the Southern Black Forest, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 181, 219–224
  32. ^ Sejkora J, Rídkošil T, Šrein V (1999) Zálesíite, a new mineral of the mixite group, from Zálesí, Rychlebské hory Mts., Czech Republic, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 175, 105–124.