.JPG)
Mizoram[a] is a landlocked state in northeastern India, with Aizawl as its capital and largest city. It covers an area of 21,087 square kilometres[5] (8,139 sq mi) which 91% of the area is covered by forests, making it the most heavily forested state in India.[6] With an estimated population of 1.25 million in 2023, it is the second least populated state in India.[7] With an urbanisation rate of 51.5% it is the most urbanised state in northeast India, ranking fifth in urbanisation nationwide.[8] It shares 722-kilometre (449 mi) of international borders with Bangladesh to the west, and Myanmar to the east and south, with domestic borders with the Indian states of Assam, Manipur, and Tripura.[9] One of the two official languages and most widely spoken tongue is Mizo[b], which serves as a lingua franca among various ethnic communities who speak a variety of other Tibeto-Burman or Indo-Aryan languages. Mizoram is home to the highest percentage of scheduled tribes in India, with the Mizo people forming the majority.[10]
Early civilisations in Mizoram are believed to have thrived around 2,400 years ago, with significant archaeological evidence uncovered in the Vangchhia region.[11][12][13] Following this, Tibeto-Burman-speaking peoples gradually migrated from the Chin Hills in present-day Myanmar. [14] These groups formed organised chiefdoms and adopted jhum agricultural practices. By the 18th century, various clans in the region united to form the Mizo identity, becoming the dominant inhabitants of the area, introducing the Mizo language, culture, and the Sakhua religion.[15] In the mid-19th century, the British conducted a series of military expeditions to assert control over the region, Mizoram was annexed by the British in 1895 and incorporated into the Assam Province.[16][17] Under British rule, the introduction of administrative reforms and the spread of Christianity significantly impacted Mizo society.[18]
After India gained independence in 1947, Mizoram remained part of Assam as the Lushai Hills District. After the Assamese Government's negligence of the Mizos during the famine, insurgency was led by the Mizo National Front in the 1960s which culminated in the signing of the Mizoram Peace Accord in 1986.[19] On 20 February 1987, Mizoram was granted full statehood, becoming the 23rd state of India.[20]
Mizoram is predominantly Christian, with about 87% of the population practicing Christianity, mainly Protestant denominations such as Presbyterian and Baptist. It is one of the three states of India with a Christian majority (87%). Other religions such as Buddhism (8.51%), Hinduism (2.75%), and Islam (1.35%) are also practised in the state.[21]Mizoram's population is predominantly made up of Mizo or Zo tribes, comprising about 83.4% of the state's population, with other significant communities including the Chakma (8.5%) and Tripuri (3%). Due to the prolonged civil conflict in Myanmar, Mizoram has also seen an influx of Burmese communities, especially from the Chin ethnic group, which have sought refuge in the region, with an estimated 70,000 to 100,000 Burmese refugees residing in the state.[22]
Mizoram is a highly literate agrarian economy. Slash-and-burn farming, also known as jhum, is the most common form of farming in the state.[23] In recent years, the jhum farming practices have been steadily replaced with a significant horticulture and bamboo products industry.[24][25] The state's gross state domestic product for 2012 was estimated at ₹69.91 billion (US$840 million).[5] About 20% of Mizoram's population lives below the poverty line, with 35% rural poverty as of 2014.[26] The state has about 871 kilometres of national highways, with NH–54 and NH–150 connecting it to Assam and Manipur respectively. It is also a growing transit point for trade with Myanmar and Bangladesh.[27]
- ^ "AREA AND POPULATION - Statistical Year Book India 2017". Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation | Government Of India. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
- ^ "Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region, North East India". mdoner.gov.in. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
- ^ "Sub-national HDI – Area Database". Global Data Lab. Institute for Management Research, Radboud University. Archived from the original on 23 September 2018. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Literacywas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
ppimizowas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
fsi11was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Indian states 2023 population estimates". www.main.mohfw.gov.in. 1 December 2023. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
- ^ "India Map and Urbanization Rates" (PDF). 2011.
- ^ "About Mizoram". Directorate Of Information & Public Relations, Government of Mizoram. Archived from the original on 20 June 2014. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
2011Censuswas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ https://www.mizoramtourism.com/top-destination/66
- ^ https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/destination-of-the-week/the-discovery-of-vangchhia/
- ^ https://www.oknortheast.com/2018/06/city-of-dead-and-lost-civilization-of-mizoram.html
- ^ J.M. Lloyd, History of the Church in Mizoram: Harvest in the Hills (Aizawl: Synod publication Board, 1991, 2), OCLC 29798339.
- ^ Lalthangliana, B. (2009). Mizo Chanchin (Reprinted). Aizawl, Electric Veng: Gilzom Offset.
- ^ Pau, Pum Khan (2007). "Administrative Rivalries on a Frontier: problem of the Chin-Lushai Hills" (PDF). Indian Historical Review. 34 (187): 187–209. doi:10.1177/037698360703400108. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
- ^ R. Vanlalhmangaihsanga. Political History of Lushai Hills since the Pre-Colonial Era. mzuhssjournal, http://mzuhssjournal.in/images/resources/v6n1/vanlalhmangaihsanga.pdf
- ^ Angom, Rebecca (31 January 2020). "Christianization and its Impact on Mizo Culture". Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies. 2 (1): 55–61. ISSN 2663-7197.
- ^ "Playing the Piper". 27 November 2013.
- ^ https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/IN_860630_Mizoram%20Accord.pdf
- ^ "Mizoram", Population by religious communities, IN: Census, 2001, archived from the original on 1 July 2010, retrieved 11 October 2013.
- ^ "Census Planned Chins Mizoram State". 2021.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
sapagriwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
agristatwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
ibef2was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
rbipovwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
ibefwas invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).