Clinical data | |
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Trade names | Provigil, Alertec, Modavigil, others |
Other names | CRL-40476; Diphenylmethyl-sulfinylacetamide |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a602016 |
License data | |
Pregnancy category |
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Dependence liability | Relatively low[2] |
Addiction liability | Low[2] |
Routes of administration | By mouth[3] |
Drug class | CNS stimulant eugeroic |
ATC code | |
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Pharmacokinetic data | |
Protein binding | 62.3% |
Metabolism | Liver (primarily via amide hydrolysis);[9] CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4, CYP3A5 involved[11] |
Elimination half-life | 12–15 h[9] |
Duration of action | 11.5 h[10] |
Excretion | Urine (80%) |
Identifiers | |
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CAS Number | |
PubChem CID | |
IUPHAR/BPS | |
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KEGG | |
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ChEMBL | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.168.719 |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C15H15NO2S |
Molar mass | 273.35 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
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Modafinil, sold under the brand name Provigil among others, is a wakefulness-promoting medication used primarily to treat narcolepsy, [3][8][12] a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks.[13] Modafinil is also approved for stimulating wakefulness in people with sleep apnea and shift work sleep disorder.[3] It is taken by mouth.[3][8] Modafinil is not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in people under 17 years old.[8]
Modafinil has potential for causing severe allergic reactions, mental (psychiatric) effects,[3] hypersensitivity, adverse interactions with prescription drugs, and misuse or abuse.[3][8][12] Modafinil may harm the fetus if taken during or two months prior to pregnancy.[14]
While modafinil is used as a cognitive enhancer or "smart drug" among healthy individuals seeking improved focus and productivity,[15][16] its use outside medical supervision raises concerns regarding potential misuse or abuse.[3][8][17] Research on the cognitive enhancement effects of modafinil in non-sleep-deprived individuals has yielded mixed results, with some studies suggesting modest improvements in attention and executive functions, while others show no significant benefits or even a decline in cognitive functions at high doses.[18][19]
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