His Excellency Mohamed Morsi | |
|---|---|
محمد مرسي | |
 Official portrait, 2012 | |
| 5th President of Egypt | |
| In office 30 June 2012 – 3 July 2013 | |
| Prime Minister | Kamal Ganzouri Hesham Qandil |
| Vice President | Mahmoud Mekki |
| Preceded by | Hosni Mubarak Mohamed Hussein Tantawi (interim) |
| Succeeded by | Adly Mansour (interim) Abdel Fattah el-Sisi |
| Secretary General of the Non-Aligned Movement | |
| In office 30 June 2012 – 30 August 2012 | |
| Preceded by | Mohamed Hussein Tantawi |
| Succeeded by | Mahmoud Ahmadinejad |
| Chairman of the Freedom and Justice Party | |
| In office 30 April 2011 – 24 June 2012 | |
| Preceded by | Position established |
| Succeeded by | Saad El-Katatni |
| Member of the People's Assembly | |
| In office 1 December 2000 – 12 December 2005 | |
| Preceded by | Numan Gumaa |
| Succeeded by | Mahmoud Abaza |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Mohamed Mohamed Morsi Eissa al-Ayyat 8 August 1951 El Adwah, Kingdom of Egypt |
| Died | 17 June 2019 (aged 67) Tora Prison, Cairo, Egypt |
| Cause of death | Heart attack[1] |
| Resting place | Nasr City |
| Political party | Freedom and Justice Party |
| Other political affiliations | Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt |
| Spouse | |
| Children | 5, including Abdullah |
| Alma mater | Cairo University University of Southern California |
| Signature |  |
| ||
|---|---|---|
Post-coup unrest in Egypt (2013–2014) Supporters Opponents Family
|
||
Mohamed Mohamed Morsi Eissa Al-Ayyat[note 1] (/ˈmɔːrsi/; Arabic: محمد محمد مرسي عيسى العياط IPA: [mæˈħæmmæd ˈmoɾsi ˈʕiːsæ (ʔe)l.ʕɑjˈjɑːtˤ]; 8 August 1951 – 17 June 2019) was an Egyptian politician, engineer, and professor who was the fifth president of Egypt,[2] from 2012 to 2013, when General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi removed him from office in a coup d'état after protests in June.[3] An Islamist affiliated with the Muslim Brotherhood organization,[4] Morsi led the Freedom and Justice Party from 2011 to 2012.
Morsi was born in El Adwah, Sharqia Governorate, before studying metallurgical engineering at Cairo University and then materials science at the University of Southern California. He became an associate professor at California State University, Northridge, from 1982 to 1985 before returning to Egypt to teach at Zagazig University. Associating with the Muslim Brotherhood, which was then barred from office under President Hosni Mubarak, Morsi stood as an independent candidate for the 2000 parliamentary election. Following the Egyptian Revolution of 2011, which resulted in Mubarak's resignation, Morsi came to the forefront as head of the Freedom and Justice Party. It became the largest party in the 2011–12 parliamentary election and Morsi was elected president in the 2012 presidential election. On June 30 2012, the SCAF handed the authority to Morsi, ending 6 decades of military rule.
In November 2012, Morsi issued a provisional constitutional declaration that granted him unrestricted authority and the authority to legislate without the need for judicial oversight or review. This was a move to stop the Mubarak-era judges from getting rid of the Second Constituent Assembly.[5] The new constitution that was then hastily finalized by the Islamist-dominated constitutional assembly, presented to the president, and scheduled for a referendum before the Supreme Constitutional Court could rule on the constitutionality of the assembly, was described by independent press agencies not aligned with the regime as an "Islamist coup".[6] These issues,[7] along with complaints of prosecutions of journalists and attacks on nonviolent demonstrators,[8] led to the 2012 protests.[9][10] As part of a compromise, Morsi rescinded the decrees.[11] A new constitution was approved by approximately two-thirds of voters in the referendum,[12] although turnout was less than a third of the electorate.
In June 2013, protests calling for Morsi's resignation erupted.[13] The military, backed by the political opposition and leading religious figures, stepped in and deposed Morsi in a coup. It suspended the constitution and appointed Adly Mansour as interim president.[13] Pro-Morsi demonstrations were crushed, resulting in over 800 deaths. Egyptian prosecutors then charged Morsi with various crimes and sought the death penalty, a move denounced by Amnesty International as "a charade based on null and void procedures".[14] His death sentence was overturned in November 2016 and a retrial ordered. Morsi died during trial on 17 June 2019 amid claims that he was being denied appropriate medical care while in custody.[15][16]
- ^ "Morsi's death highlights inhumanity of Egypt's prisons".
- ^ Barakat, Dana; Sullivan, Thomas (26 August 2013). "Jordan Bolstered by Egyptian, Syrian Chaos". Sharnoff's Global Views. Archived from the original on 17 June 2019. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
- ^ "Egypt's army chief Abdel Fattah al-Sisi receives a promotion ahead of likely presidency bid". Australian Broadcasting corporation. 28 January 2014. Archived from the original on 17 June 2019. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
- ^ "New Brotherhood candidate pitched in to Egypt race". Reuters. 22 April 2012. Archived from the original on 22 April 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ Kirkpatrick, David D.; El Sheikh, Mayy (22 November 2012). "President Morsi in Egypt Seizes New Powers". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
- ^ El Rashidi, Yasmine (7 February 2013). "Egypt: The Rule of the Brotherhood". New York Review of Books. 60 (2). Retrieved 24 September 2013.
The Islamists' TV channels and press called the completion of the draft constitution an 'achievement', 'historic', 'an occasion', 'another step toward achieving the goals of the revolution'. The independent and opposition press described it as 'an Islamist coup'.
- ^ "Egypt's Mursi annuls controversial decree, opposition says not enough". Al Arabiya. 9 December 2012. Archived from the original on 9 December 2012. Retrieved 9 December 2012.
The two issues – the decree and the referendum – were at the heart of anti-Mursi protests that have rocked Egypt in the past two weeks.
- ^ Williams, Daniel (15 August 2013). "Muslim Brotherhood abuses continue under Egypt's military". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
- ^ Kirkpatrick, David D. (26 April 2012). "President Mohamed Morsi of Egypt Said to Prepare Martial Law Decree". The New York Times. Egypt. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
- ^ McCrumen, Stephanie; Hauslohner, Abigail (5 December 2012). "Egyptians take anti-Morsi protests to presidential palace". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 15 May 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2012.
- ^ "Egypt's Morsi rescinds controversial decree". Al Jazeera. 9 December 2012. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
- ^ "Egypt's constitution passes with 63.8 percent approval rate". Egypt Independent. 25 December 2012. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
- ^ a b Abdelmoez, Joel W. (1 June 2017). "Is it a revolution or a coup? Scandinavian media representations of the ousting of Egyptian President Mohamed Morsy". Journal of Applied Journalism & Media Studies. 6 (2): 109–131. doi:10.1386/ajms.6.2.109_1. ISSN 2001-0818.
- ^ "Mohamed Morsi death sentence condemned as politically motivated 'charade' by supporters and rights groups". The Independent. 16 May 2015
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
bbcdeathwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
ajdeathwas invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Cite error: There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=note}} template (see the help page).