A molecular drag pump is a type of vacuum pump that utilizes the drag of air molecules against a rotating surface.[1] The most common sub-type is the Holweck pump, which contains a rotating cylinder with spiral grooves which direct the gas from the high vacuum side of the pump to the low vacuum side of the pump.[2] The older Gaede pump design is similar, but is much less common due to disadvantages in pumping speed.[3] In general, molecular drag pumps are more efficient for heavy gasses, so the lighter gasses (hydrogen, deuterium, helium) will make up the majority of the residual gasses left after running a molecular drag pump.[4]
The turbomolecular pump invented in the 1950s, is a more advanced version based on similar operation, and a Holweck pump is often used as the backing pump for it. The Holweck pump can produce a vacuum as low as 1×10−8 mmHg (1.3×10−6 Pa).
^Duval, P.; Raynaud, A.; Saulgeot, C. (1988). "The molecular drag pump: Principle, characteristics, and applications". Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films. 6 (3). American Vacuum Society: 1187–1191. Bibcode:1988JVSTA...6.1187D. doi:10.1116/1.575674. ISSN0734-2101.