Mongolia under Qing rule

Mongolia under Qing rule
Regions of the Qing dynasty
1635–1912

Outer Mongolia and Inner Mongolia within the Qing Empire, c. 1820
CapitalUliastai (Outer Mongolia)[note 1]
Hohhot (Inner Mongolia)
DemonymMongols
 • TypeQing hierarchy
History 
• The surrender of Ejei Khan of the Northern Yuan dynasty
1635
• The surrender of the northern Khalkha
1691
• Outer Mongolia declares its independence from the Qing dynasty
December 1911
• Disestablished
1912
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Northern Yuan
Dzungar Khanate
Republic of China
Bogd Khanate of Mongolia
Uryankhay Republic
Mongolia under Qing rule
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese清朝統治下的蒙古
Simplified Chinese清朝统治下的蒙古
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinQīngcháo tǒngzhì xià de ménggǔ
Mongolian name
Mongolian CyrillicЧин улсын захиргаанд байсан Монгол
Mongolian scriptᠴᠢᠨ
ᠤᠯᠤᠰ
ᠤᠨ
ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠᠨ
ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ
Transcriptions
SASM/GNCChin ulsyn zakhirgaand baisan Mongol

Mongolia under Qing rule was the rule of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty of China over the Mongolian Plateau, including the four Outer Mongolian aimags (a.k.a. "leagues") and the six Inner Mongolian aimags from the 17th century to the end of the dynasty. The term "Mongolia" is used here in the broader historical sense, and includes an area much larger than the modern-day state of Mongolia. By the early 1630s Ligdan Khan saw much of his power weakened due to the disunity of the Mongol tribes. He was subsequently defeated by the Later Jin dynasty and died soon afterwards. His son Ejei handed the Yuan imperial seal over to Hong Taiji in 1635, thus ending the rule of the Northern Yuan dynasty in Inner Mongolia. However, the Khalkha Mongols in Outer Mongolia continued to rule until they were overrun by the Dzungar Khanate in 1690, and they submitted to the Qing dynasty in 1691.

The Qing dynasty ruled Inner and Outer Mongolia for over 200 years. During this period, Qing rulers established separate administrative structures to govern each region. While the empire maintained firm control in both Inner and Outer Mongolia, the Mongols in Outer Mongolia (which is further from the capital Beijing) enjoyed a higher degree of autonomy,[1] and also retained their own language and culture during this period.[2]


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  1. ^ The Cambridge History of China, vol10, pg49
  2. ^ Paula L. W. Sabloff- Modern mongolia: reclaiming Genghis Khan, p. 32.