Monitoring of geological carbon dioxide storage

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) from carbon capture and storage and direct air capture operations is often injected into deep geologic formations. These storage sites can be monitored for CO₂ leakage. Monitoring can be done at both the surface and subsurface levels.^[1] The dominant monitoring technique is seismic imaging, where vibrations are generated that propagate through the subsurface. The geologic structure can be imaged from the refracted/reflected waves.^[1]

^ ^a ^b Smit, Berend; Reimer, Jeffrey A.; Oldenburg, Curtis M.; Bourg, Ian C. (2014). Introduction to Carbon Capture and Sequestration. London: Imperial College Press. ISBN 978-1-78326-328-8.

[:22-1] Smit, Berend; Reimer, Jeffrey A.; Oldenburg, Curtis M.; Bourg, Ian C. (2014). Introduction to Carbon Capture and Sequestration. London: Imperial College Press. ISBN 978-1-78326-328-8.

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