Monocercomonoides

Monocercomonoides
Monocercomonoides melolanthae
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
(unranked):
Excavata
Phylum:
Metamonada
Class:
Preaxostyla
Order:
Oxymonadida
Family:
Polymastigidae
Genus:
Monocercomonoides

Travis, 1932
Species

Monocercomonoides is a genus of flagellate Excavata belonging to the order Oxymonadida. It was established by Bernard V. Travis and was first described as those with "polymastiginid flagellates having three anterior flagella and a trailing one originating at a single basal granule located in front of the anteriorly positioned nucleus, and a more or less well-defined axostyle".[14] It is the first eukaryotic genus to be found to completely lack mitochondria, and all hallmark proteins responsible for mitochondrial function. The genus also lacks any other mitochondria related organelles (MROs) such as hydrogenosomes or mitosomes.[15] Data suggests that the absence of mitochondria is not an ancestral feature, but rather due to secondary loss. Monocercomonoides sp. was found to obtain energy through an enzymatic action of nutrients absorbed from the environment.[15] The genus has replaced the iron-sulfur cluster assembly pathway with a cytosolic sulfur mobilization system, likely acquired by horizontal gene transfer from a eubacterium of a common ancestor of oxymonads.[16] These organisms are significant because they undermine assumptions that eukaryotes must have mitochondria to properly function. The genome of Monocercomonoides exilis has approximately 82 million base pairs (82 Mbp), with 18 152 predicted protein-coding genes.[17]

  1. ^ a b Mali, M.; Kulkarni, S.; Mali, S. (2001). "Two species of flagellates of the genus Monocercomonoides Travis, 1932 from the gut of dung beetle larva (Oryctes rhinoceros) in India". Geobios (Jodhpur). 28 (4): 201–204.
  2. ^ Mali, M.; Patil, D. (2003). "The morphology of Monocercomonoides aurangabadae n. sp. a flagellata from the gut of Blatta germanica". Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology. 23 (2): 117–119.
  3. ^ Jensen, E.A.; Hammond, D.M. (1964). "A morphological study of trichomonads and related flagellates from the bovine digestive tract". Journal of Protozoology. 11 (3): 386–394. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1964.tb01768.x. PMID 14207121.
  4. ^ Krishnamurthy, R.; Madre, V.E. (1979). "Studies on two flagellates of the genus Monocercomonoides Travis, 1932 (Mastigophora: Polymastigina) from amphibians and reptiles in India". Acta Protozoologica. 18 (2): 251–257.
  5. ^ a b c Rao, T.B. (1969). "The morphology and incidence of the genus Monocercomonoides (Grassi, 1879) Travis, 1932, of insects found in Andhra Pradesh, India". Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B. 70 (5): 208–214. doi:10.1007/BF03052226. S2CID 127320109. Retrieved 11 February 2018.
  6. ^ Sultana, T.; Krishnamurthy, R. (1978). "Monocercomonoides gryllusae n. sp. (Mastigophora: Oxymonadida) from Gryllus bimaculatus". Geobios (Jodhpur). 5 (3): 114–115.
  7. ^ Radek, R. (1994). "Monocercomonoides termitis n. sp., an oxymonad from the lower termite Kalotermes sinaicus". Archiv für Protistenkunde. 144 (4): 373–382. doi:10.1016/S0003-9365(11)80240-X.
  8. ^ Radek, R. (1997). "Monocercomonoides hausmanni nom. nov, a New Species Name for M. termitis Radek, 1994". Archiv für Protistenkunde. 147 (3–4): 411. doi:10.1016/S0003-9365(97)80068-1.
  9. ^ Mali, M.; Mali, S. (2004). "The Monocercomonoides khultabadae n.sp., a new flagellate from the gut of Pycnoscelus surinamensis". Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology. 24 (1): 55–58.
  10. ^ a b Krishnamurthy, R.; Sultana, T. (1976). "The morphology of two new flagellates of the genus Monocercomonoides Travis, 1932 from insects in India". Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B. 84 (3): 109–115. doi:10.1007/BF03045588. S2CID 104326570. Retrieved 11 February 2018.
  11. ^ a b Krishnamurthy, R. (1967). "Two new species of the genus Monocercomonoides Travis, 1932 (protozoa: Mastigophora) from reptiles". Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Section B. 66 (5): 184–191. doi:10.1007/BF03052183. S2CID 83345325. Retrieved 11 February 2018.
  12. ^ Abraham, R. (961). "A description of Monocercomonoides sayeedi n. sp., from the rumen of an Indian goat". Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde. 20 (6): 558–562. doi:10.1007/BF00333238. S2CID 26344904.
  13. ^ Krishnamurthy, R.; Sultana, T. (1979). "A new flagellate of the genus Monocercomonoides Travis, 1932 from a termite". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B. 49 (2): 85–87.
  14. ^ Travis, B. V. 1932. A Discussion of Synonymy in the Nomenclature of Certain Insect Flagellates, with the Description of a New Flagellate from the Larvae of Ligyrodes relictus Say (Coleoptera-Scarabaeidae). Iowa State Coll J. Sci., 6, 317–323.
  15. ^ a b Karnkowska, Anna; Vacek, Vojtěch; Zubáčová, Zuzana; Treitli, Sebastian C.; Petrželková, Romana; Eme, Laura; Novák, Lukáš; Žárský, Vojtěch; Barlow, Lael D.; Herman, Emily K.; Soukal, Petr (2016). "A Eukaryote without a Mitochondrial Organelle". Current Biology. 26 (10): 1274–1284. Bibcode:2016CBio...26.1274K. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.03.053. PMID 27185558. S2CID 3933236.
  16. ^ Vacek, V., Novak, L. V. F., Treitli, S. C., et al. 2018. Fe–S Cluster Assembly in Oxymonads and Related Protists. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 35(11): 2712-2718.
  17. ^ Treitli, Sebastian Cristian; Peña-Diaz, Priscila; Hałakuc, Paweł; Karnkowska, Anna; Hampl, VladimírYR 2021 (2021). "High quality genome assembly of the amitochondriate eukaryote Monocercomonoides exilis". Microbial Genomics. 7 (12): 000745. doi:10.1099/mgen.0.000745. ISSN 2057-5858. PMC 8767320. PMID 34951395.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)