Montenegrin language

"Crnogorski" redirects here. For other uses, see Montenegrin.
Montenegrin
crnogorski
црногорски
Pronunciation[tsr̩nǒɡorskiː]
Native toMontenegro
EthnicityMontenegrins
Native speakers
232,600 (see text)
Official status
Official language in
 Montenegro
Recognised minority
language in
Mali Iđoš municipality (Vojvodina, Serbia)[1]
Regulated byBoard for Standardization of the Montenegrin Language
Language codes
ISO 639-2cnr [2]
ISO 639-3cnr [3]
Glottologmont1282
Linguaspherepart of 53-AAA-g
Montenegrin is classified as Vulnerable by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger [4]
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.
South Slavic languages and dialects
Western South Slavic
Eastern South Slavic
Transitional dialects
Alphabets
a Includes Banat Bulgarian alphabet.

Montenegrin (/ˌmɒntɪˈniːɡrɪn/ MON-tin-EE-grin;[5][a] crnogorski, црногорски) is a normative variety of the Serbo-Croatian language[6][7][8][9] mainly used by Montenegrins and is the official language of Montenegro. Montenegrin is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian, more specifically on Eastern Herzegovinian, which is also the basis of Standard Croatian, Serbian, and Bosnian.[10]

Montenegro's language has historically and traditionally been called either Serbian or Montenegrin.[11][12][13][14] The idea of a standardized Montenegrin standard language separate from Serbian appeared in the 1990s during the breakup of Yugoslavia through proponents of Montenegrin independence from Serbia and Montenegro. Montenegrin became the official language of Montenegro with the ratification and proclamation of a new constitution in October 2007.[15]

  1. ^ "Serbian Montenegrins Demand Official Language Rights". 7 August 2017.
  2. ^ "ISO 639-2 Language Code List – Codes for the representation of names of languages (Library of Congress)". www.loc.gov.
  3. ^ "cnr – ISO 639-3". www-01.sil.org.
  4. ^ "World Atlas of Languages: Montenegrin". en.wal.unesco.org. Retrieved 2023-11-30.
  5. ^ "Montenegrin". Collins English Dictionary (13th ed.). HarperCollins. 2018. ISBN 978-0-008-28437-4.
  6. ^ Šipka, Danko (2019). Lexical layers of identity: words, meaning, and culture in the Slavic languages. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 201. doi:10.1017/9781108685795. ISBN 978-953-313-086-6. LCCN 2018048005. OCLC 1061308790. S2CID 150383965. the Montenegrin language (one of the four ethnic variants of Serbo-Croatian)
  7. ^ Ćalić, Jelena (2021). "Pluricentricity in the classroom: the Serbo-Croatian language issue for foreign language teaching at higher education institutions worldwide". Sociolinguistica: European Journal of Sociolinguistics. 35 (1). De Gruyter: 113–140. doi:10.1515/soci-2021-0007. ISSN 0933-1883. S2CID 244134335. The debate about the status of the Serbo-Croatian language and its varieties has recently shifted (again) towards a position which looks at the internal variation within Serbo-Croatian through the prism of linguistic pluricentricity
  8. ^ Mader Skender, Mia (2022). "Schlussbemerkung" [Summary]. Die kroatische Standardsprache auf dem Weg zur Ausbausprache [The Croatian standard language on the way to ausbau language] (PDF) (Dissertation). UZH Dissertations (in German). Zurich: University of Zurich, Faculty of Arts, Institute of Slavonic Studies. pp. 196–197. doi:10.5167/uzh-215815. Retrieved 8 June 2022. Serben, Kroaten, Bosnier und Montenegriner immer noch auf ihren jeweiligen Nationalsprachen unterhalten und problemlos verständigen. Nur schon diese Tatsache zeigt, dass es sich immer noch um eine polyzentrische Sprache mit verschiedenen Varietäten handelt.
  9. ^ Kordić, Snježana (2024). "Ideology Against Language: The Current Situation in South Slavic Countries" (PDF). In Nomachi, Motoki; Kamusella, Tomasz (eds.). Languages and Nationalism Instead of Empires. Routledge Histories of Central and Eastern Europe. London: Routledge. pp. 168–169. doi:10.4324/9781003034025-11. ISBN 978-0-367-47191-0. OCLC 1390118985. S2CID 259576119. SSRN 4680766. COBISS.SR 125229577. COBISS 171014403. Archived from the original on 2024-01-10. Retrieved 2024-01-23.
  10. ^ Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Or Montenegrin? Or Just 'Our Language'?, Radio Free Europe, February 21, 2009
  11. ^ "Reprint: A speech in the Assembly gathering on the 16th of February, 1898. made during the respective discussion by the representative of Ante Trumbić". Kolo Matice Hrvatske. 1, 2: 200–201. 1991.
  12. ^ Nenadović, Ljubomir (1889). "O Crnogorcima: Pisma sa Cetinja 1878. godine". Novi Sad: Чигоја штампа. ISBN 86-7558-383-4.
  13. ^ Bourchier, James David (1911). "Montenegro" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 766–773, see page 771, third para. Language and Literature.—The Montenegrin language is practically identical with the Serbo-Croatian: it exhibits certain dialectical variations, and has borrowed to some extent from the Turkish and Italian....
  14. ^ De Bajza, Giuseppe (1928). La questione Montenegrina. Budapest, Hungary: Casa editrice Franklin.
  15. ^ "Crna Gora dobila novi Ustav" (in Montenegrin). Antena M. 2007-10-20.


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