Montreal

"Montrealer" redirects here. For other uses, see Montreal (disambiguation) and Montrealer (disambiguation).
"City of Mary" redirects here. For the city in Ukraine, see Mariupol.

Montreal
Montréal (French)
City
Ville de Montréal (French)
Downtown Montreal skyline
Old Montreal
Notre-Dame Basilica
Old Port of Montreal
Saint Joseph's Oratory
Olympic Stadium
Flag of Montreal
Flag
Official seal of Montreal
Coat of arms
Official logo of Montreal
Logo
Nicknames: 
"MTL", "The 514", "The City of Festivals", "The City of Saints", "The City of a Hundred Steeples", "Sin City", "La Métropole"[1][2][3][4]
Motto: 
Concordia Salus ("well-being through harmony")
Map
Interactive map of Montreal
Montreal is located in Canada
Montreal
Montreal
Location within Canada
Montreal is located in Quebec
Montreal
Montreal
Location within Quebec
Coordinates: 45°30′32″N 73°33′15″W / 45.50889°N 73.55417°W / 45.50889; -73.55417[5]
CountryCanada
ProvinceQuebec
RegionMontreal
Urban agglomerationMontreal
FoundedMay 17, 1642
Incorporated1832
ConstitutedJanuary 1, 2002
Named forMount Royal
Boroughs
List
Government
[6]
 • TypeMontreal City Council
 • MayorValérie Plante
 • Federal riding
List
 • Provincial riding
List
 • MPs
List of MPs
Area
[7][8]
 • City
431.50 km2 (166.60 sq mi)
 • Land365.13 km2 (140.98 sq mi)
 • Urban
[9]
1,293.99 km2 (499.61 sq mi)
 • Metro
[10]
4,604.26 km2 (1,777.71 sq mi)
Highest elevation
233 m (764 ft)
Lowest elevation
6 m (20 ft)
Population
 (2023)[8]
 • City
2,124,865 (2nd)
 • Density4,828.3/km2 (12,505/sq mi)
 • Metro
[11]
4,291,732 (2nd)
 • Metro density919/km2 (2,380/sq mi)
DemonymsMontrealer
Montréalais(e)[12]
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−04:00 (EDT)
Postal codes
  • H1A, H1C-H3N, H3S-H3W, H4A-H4T, H4Z-H5B, H8R-H8Z, H9C-H9E, H9H, H9K
Area codes514, 438 and 263
PoliceSPVM
GDP (Montreal CMA)CA$228.71 billion (2020)[13]
GDP per capita (Montreal CMA)CA$48,289 (2022)[14]
Websitemontreal.ca/en/ Edit this at Wikidata

Montreal[a] is the largest city in the province of Quebec, the second-largest in Canada, and the ninth-largest in North America. Founded in 1642 as Ville-Marie, or "City of Mary",[18] it is now named after Mount Royal,[19] the triple-peaked mountain around which the early settlement was built.[20] The city is centred on the Island of Montreal[21][22] and a few, much smaller, peripheral islands, the largest of which is Île Bizard. The city is 196 km (122 mi) east of the national capital, Ottawa, and 258 km (160 mi) southwest of the provincial capital, Quebec City.

As of 2021, the city had a population of 1,762,949,[23] and a metropolitan population of 4,291,732,[24] making it the second-largest metropolitan area in Canada. French is the city's official language.[25][26] In 2021, 85.7% of the population of the city of Montreal considered themselves fluent in French while 90.2% could speak it in the metropolitan area.[27][28] Montreal is one of the most bilingual cities in Quebec and Canada, with 58.5% of the population able to speak both French and English.[29]

Historically the commercial capital of Canada, Montreal was surpassed in population and economic strength by Toronto in the 1970s.[30] It remains an important centre of art, culture, literature, film and television, music, commerce, aerospace, transport, finance, pharmaceuticals, technology, design, education, tourism, food, fashion, video game development, and world affairs. Montreal is the location of the headquarters of the International Civil Aviation Organization, and was named a UNESCO City of Design in 2006.[31][32] In 2017, Montreal was ranked the 12th-most livable city in the world by the Economist Intelligence Unit in its annual Global Liveability Ranking,[33] although its ranking slipped to 40th in the 2021 index, primarily due to stress on the healthcare system from the COVID-19 pandemic.[34] It is regularly ranked as one of the ten best cities in the world to be a university student in the QS World University Rankings.[35] In 2018, Montreal was ranked as a global city.[36]

Montreal has hosted numerous important international events, including the 1967 International and Universal Exposition, and is the only Canadian city to have hosted the Summer Olympics, having done so in 1976.[37][38] The city hosts the Canadian Grand Prix of Formula One;[39] the Montreal International Jazz Festival,[40] the largest jazz festival in the world;[41] the Just for Laughs festival, the largest comedy festival in the world;[42] and Les Francos de Montréal, the largest French-language music festival in the world.[43] In sports, it is home to multiple professional teams, most notably the Canadiens of the National Hockey League, who have won the Stanley Cup a record 24 times.

  1. ^ "Quebec's Metropolis 1960–1992". Montreal Archives. Archived from the original on January 5, 2013. Retrieved January 24, 2013.
  2. ^ Gagné, Gilles (May 31, 2012). "La Gaspésie s'attable dans la métropole". Le Soleil (in French). Quebec City. Archived from the original on June 5, 2013. Retrieved June 9, 2012.
  3. ^ Leclerc, Jean-François (2002). "Montréal, la ville aux cent clochers : regards des Montréalais sur leurs lieux de culte". Éditions Fides [fr] (in French). Quebec City.
  4. ^ "Lonely Planet Montreal Guide – Modern History". Lonely Planet. Archived from the original on January 5, 2007. Retrieved December 12, 2006.
  5. ^ "Montreal". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference mamrot was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ "Census Profile, 2023 Census; Montreal, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec and Canada [Country]". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Statistics Canada. August 8, 2024. Archived from the original on February 9, 2022. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  8. ^ a b "Census Profile, 2023 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Statistics Canada. August 8, 2024. Archived from the original on March 27, 2022. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference cp2011-PC was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference cp2011-CA was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference cp2016-CA was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ Poirier, Jean. "Island of Montréal". Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on July 20, 2014. Retrieved July 16, 2014.
  13. ^ "Gross domestic product (GDP) at basic prices, by census metropolitan area (CMA)". December 6, 2023.
  14. ^ "Why Calgary? Our Economy in Depth" (PDF). Calgary Economic Development. June 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 4, 2022. Retrieved November 4, 2022.
  15. ^ "Montreal". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/OED/1312041483. Retrieved May 31, 2024. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  16. ^ Barber, Katherine, ed. (2005). "Montreal". The Canadian Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195418163.001.0001/m_en_ca0044898 (inactive November 1, 2024). Retrieved June 4, 2024 – via Oxford Reference.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
  17. ^ "montréalais". Usito (in French). Université de Sherbrooke. Retrieved May 31, 2024. montréalais ... [mɔ̃ʀealɛ ...]
  18. ^ "Old Montréal / Centuries of History". April 2000. Archived from the original on June 30, 2012. Retrieved March 26, 2009.
  19. ^ "Mount Royal Park – Montreal's Mount Royal Park or Parc du Mont-Royal". montreal.about.com. Archived from the original on April 30, 2011. Retrieved November 16, 2010.
  20. ^ "Montreal". Encyclopædia Britannica (Online ed.). Archived from the original on March 28, 2022. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
  21. ^ "Island of Montreal". Natural Resources Canada. Archived from the original on May 31, 2008. Retrieved February 7, 2008.
  22. ^ Poirier, Jean (1979), Île de Montréal, vol. 5, Quebec: Canoma, pp. 6–8
  23. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (February 9, 2022). "Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Montréal, Ville (V) [Census subdivision], Quebec". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Archived from the original on February 9, 2022. Retrieved June 20, 2022.
  24. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (November 15, 2017). "Illustrated Glossary - Census metropolitan area (CMA) and census agglomeration (CA)". www150.statcan.gc.ca. Archived from the original on June 20, 2022. Retrieved June 20, 2022.
  25. ^ Chapter 1, article 1, "Charte de la Ville de Montréal" (in French). 2008. Archived from the original on June 5, 2012. Retrieved May 13, 2012.
  26. ^ Chapter 1, article 1, "Charter of Ville de Montréal". 2008. Archived from the original on December 26, 2013. Retrieved September 28, 2013.
  27. ^ "Profil du recensement, Recensement de 2016 - Montréal, Ville [Subdivision de recensement], Québec et Québec [Province]". February 8, 2017. Archived from the original on April 10, 2022. Retrieved May 4, 2021.
  28. ^ "Profil du recensement, Recensement de 2016 – Montréal [Région métropolitaine de recensement], Québec et Québec [Province]" (in French). Statistics Canada. February 8, 2017. Archived from the original on April 10, 2022. Retrieved April 5, 2022.
  29. ^ Cite error: The named reference cp2016-CD was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  30. ^ "City of Toronto, History Resources". City of Toronto. October 23, 2000. Archived from the original on April 29, 2011. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
  31. ^ "Montreal, Canada appointed a UNESCO City of Design" (PDF). UNESCO. June 7, 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 1, 2018. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
  32. ^ Wingrove, Josh (June 9, 2008). "Vancouver and Montreal among 25 most livable cities". The Globe and Mail. Canada. Archived from the original on January 17, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
  33. ^ "Montreal Ranked Top Most Livable City". Herald Sun. August 30, 2017. Archived from the original on November 16, 2017. Retrieved November 15, 2017. The EIU's annual report, which ranks 140 major cities around the world based on their liveability, found Melbourne, Australia to be the most liveable city in the world. [...] Montreal doesn't make the list until number 12
  34. ^ "The Global Liveability Index 2021 - How the Covid-19 pandemic affected liveability worldwide" (PDF). Economist Intelligence Unit. June 8, 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 6, 2021. Retrieved November 6, 2021.
  35. ^ "QS Best Student Cities 2017". Top Universities. Archived from the original on February 18, 2017. Retrieved February 22, 2017.
  36. ^ "The World According to GaWC". 2018. Archived from the original on May 3, 2017. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
  37. ^ "Montreal 1976". Olympic.org. Archived from the original on January 4, 2016. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
  38. ^ www.ixmedia.com. "Articles | Encyclopédie du patrimoine culturel de l'Amérique française – histoire, culture, religion, héritage". www.ameriquefrancaise.org (in French). Archived from the original on March 31, 2016. Retrieved April 9, 2016.
  39. ^ "Circuit Gilles Villeneuve". Circuit Gilles Villeneuve Official Website. Archived from the original on December 24, 2015. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
  40. ^ "About – Festival International de Jazz de Montréal". www.montrealjazzfest.com. Archived from the original on April 2, 2016. Retrieved April 9, 2016.
  41. ^ "Largest jazz festival". Archived from the original on May 14, 2021. Retrieved May 4, 2021.
  42. ^ "Just For Laughs Festival". www.tourisme-montreal.org. Archived from the original on April 6, 2016. Retrieved April 9, 2016.
  43. ^ "FrancoFolies de Montréal: A large Francophone music festival". Archived from the original on May 22, 2022. Retrieved May 4, 2021.


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