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Names | |||
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Preferred IUPAC name
Morpholine[2] | |||
Other names
Diethylenimide oxide
1,4-Oxazinane Tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine Diethylene imidoxide Diethylene oximide Tetrahydro-p-oxazine | |||
Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol)
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102549 | |||
ChEBI | |||
ChEMBL | |||
ChemSpider | |||
ECHA InfoCard | 100.003.469 | ||
EC Number |
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1803 | |||
KEGG | |||
PubChem CID
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RTECS number |
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UNII | |||
UN number | 2054 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |||
C4H9NO | |||
Molar mass | 87.122 g·mol−1 | ||
Appearance | Colorless liquid | ||
Odor | Weak ammonia-like or fish-like[3] | ||
Density | 1.007 g/cm3 | ||
Melting point | −5 °C (23 °F; 268 K) | ||
Boiling point | 129 °C (264 °F; 402 K) | ||
miscible | |||
Vapor pressure | 6 mmHg (20 °C)[3] | ||
Acidity (pKa) | 8.36[4] (of conjugate acid) | ||
-55.0·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
Hazards | |||
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |||
Main hazards
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Flammable, Corrosive | ||
GHS labelling: | |||
Danger | |||
H226, H302, H312, H314, H332 | |||
P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P321, P322, P330, P363, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, P501 | |||
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
Flash point | 31 °C (88 °F; 304 K) | ||
275 °C (527 °F; 548 K) | |||
Explosive limits | 1.4%–11.2%[3] | ||
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LD50 (median dose)
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1220 mg/kg (mammal, oral) 525 mg/kg (mouse, oral) 1050 mg/kg (rat, oral)[5] | ||
LC50 (median concentration)
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365 ppm (mouse, 2 hr)[5] | ||
NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible)
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TWA 20 ppm (70 mg/m3) [skin][3] | ||
REL (Recommended)
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TWA 20 ppm (70 mg/m3) ST 30 ppm (105 mg/m3) [skin][3] | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger)
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1400 ppm[3] | ||
Safety data sheet (SDS) | hazard.com | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Morpholine is an organic chemical compound having the chemical formula O(CH2CH2)2NH. This heterocycle features both amine and ether functional groups. Because of the amine, morpholine is a base; its conjugate acid is called morpholinium. For example, treating morpholine with hydrochloric acid generates the salt morpholinium chloride. It is a colorless liquid with a weak, ammonia- or fish-like odor.[6] The naming of morpholine is attributed to Ludwig Knorr, who incorrectly believed it to be part of the structure of morphine.[7]