Moscow

Not to be confused with Moscow Oblast.
"Moskva" redirects here. For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation) and Moskva (disambiguation).

Moscow
Москва
Capital city and federal city
Red Square with the Spasskaya Tower (left), Saint Basil's Cathedral (right) and Ostankino Tower (background)
Cathedral of Christ the Savior
Moscow-City and Third Ring Road
Gorky Park
Bolshoi Theatre
View along the Moskva River with the Kremlin (right) and the Moscow International Business Center (left)
Flag of Moscow
Flag
Coat of arms of Moscow
Coat of arms
Anthem: "My Moscow"
Location of Moscow
Map
Coordinates: 55°45′2″N 37°37′3″E / 55.75056°N 37.61750°E / 55.75056; 37.61750
Country Russia
Federal districtCentral
Economic regionCentral
First mentioned1147[1]
Government
 • BodyCity Duma[2]
 • Mayor[3]Sergey Sobyanin[3]
Area
 • Total
2,561.5[4] km2 (989.0 sq mi)
 • Urban
6,154 km2 (2,376 sq mi)
 • Metro
48,360 km2 (18,670 sq mi)
Elevation
156 m (512 ft)
Population
 (2021 Census)[6]
 • Total
Neutral increase 13,010,112
 • Rank1st
 • Density5,080/km2 (13,200/sq mi)
 • Urban
[7]
Neutral increase 19,100,000
 • Urban density2,762/km2 (7,150/sq mi)
 • Metro
[8]
Neutral increase 21,534,777[5]
 • Metro density450/km2 (1,200/sq mi)
DemonymMuscovite
GDP
[9]
 • Total₽28.51 trillion (US$387.06 billion) (2022)
 • Per capita₽2.18 million (US$29,638.33) (2022)
Time zoneUTC+3 (MSK[10])
ISO 3166 codeRU-MOW
Vehicle registration77, 177, 777; 97, 197, 797; 99, 199, 799, 977[11]
OKTMO ID45000000
Websitemos.ru

Moscow[a] is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at over 13 million residents within the city limits,[6] over 19.1 million residents in the urban area,[7] and over 21.5 million residents in its metropolitan area.[14] The city covers an area of 2,511 square kilometers (970 sq mi), while the urban area covers 5,891 square kilometers (2,275 sq mi),[7] and the metropolitan area covers over 26,000 square kilometers (10,000 sq mi).[14] Moscow is among the world's largest cities, being the most populous city in its entirety in Europe, the largest urban and metropolitan area in Europe,[7][14] and the largest city by land area on the European continent.[15]

First documented in 1147, Moscow grew to serve as the capital of the Grand Duchy of Moscow. When the Tsardom of Russia was proclaimed, Moscow remained the political and economic center for most of its history. Under the reign of Peter the Great, the Russian capital was moved to the newly founded city of Saint Petersburg in 1712, decreasing Moscow's influence. Following the Russian Revolution and the establishment of the Russian SFSR, the capital was moved back to Moscow in 1918, where it later became the political center of the Soviet Union.[16] In the aftermath of the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Moscow remained the capital city of the newly established Russian Federation.

The northernmost and coldest megacity in the world, Moscow is governed as a federal city,[17] where it serves as the political, economic, cultural, and scientific center of Russia and Eastern Europe. As an alpha world city,[18] Moscow has one of the world's largest urban economies.[19] The city is one of the fastest-growing tourist destinations[20] and is one of Europe's most visited cities. Moscow has the sixth-highest number of billionaires of any city.[21] The Moscow International Business Center is one of the largest financial centers in the world and features the majority of Europe's tallest skyscrapers. Moscow was the host city of the 1980 Summer Olympics and one of the host cities of the 2018 FIFA World Cup.[22]

The city contains several UNESCO World Heritage Sites and is known for its display of Russian architecture, particularly in areas such as the Red Square and buildings such as the Saint Basil's Cathedral and the Moscow Kremlin, the latter of which is the seat of power of the Government of Russia. Moscow is home to Russian companies in different industries and is served by a comprehensive transit network, which includes four international airports, ten railway terminals, a tram system, a monorail system, and the Moscow Metro, which is the busiest metro system in Europe and one of the largest rapid transit systems in the world. The city has over 40 percent of its territory covered by greenery, making it one of the greenest cities in the world.[15][23]

  1. ^ Comins-Richmond, Walter. "The History of Moscow". Occidental College. Archived from the original on 17 May 2006. Retrieved 3 July 2006.
  2. ^ "The Moscow Statute". Moscow City Duma. Moscow City Government. 28 June 1995. Archived from the original on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2010. The supreme and exclusive legislative (representative) body of the state power in Moscow is the Moscow City Duma.
  3. ^ a b "The Moscow City Mayor". Government of Moscow. Archived from the original on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 18 March 2010.
  4. ^ "Общая площадь Москвы в длинну и ширину". RosInfoStat. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
  5. ^ Including Moscow Oblast (8,524,665)
  6. ^ a b "Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации". Federal State Statistics Service. Archived from the original on 1 September 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  7. ^ a b c d "Major Agglomerations of the World - Population Statistics and Maps". Archived from the original on 7 July 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  8. ^ Moscow metropolitan area
  9. ^ "Валовой региональный продукт по субъектам Российской Федерации в 2016-2022гг". rosstat.gov.ru. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
  10. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). Archived from the original on 22 June 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  11. ^ "Автомобильные коды регионов России-2022: таблица с последними изменениями". РИА Новости (in Russian). 16 November 2022. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
  12. ^ Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.
  13. ^ Roach, Peter (2011). Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-15253-2.
  14. ^ a b c Akishin, Alexander (17 August 2017). "A 3-Hour Commute: A Close Look At Moscow The Megapolis". Strelka Mag. Archived from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  15. ^ a b "Moscow, a City Undergoing Transformation". Planète Énergies. 11 September 2017. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  16. ^ 1977 Constitution of the Soviet Union - Section VIII, Article 172: "The Capital of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is the city of Moscow."
  17. ^ "A glimpse into history". mos.ru. Archived from the original on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
  18. ^ According to the Globalization and World Cities Research Network
  19. ^ Brade, Isolde; Rudolph, Robert (2004). "Moscow, the Global City? The Position of the Russian Capital within the European System of Metropolitan Areas". Area. 36 (1). Wiley: 69–80. Bibcode:2004Area...36...69B. doi:10.1111/j.0004-0894.2004.00306.x. ISSN 0004-0894. JSTOR 20004359.
  20. ^ According to the MasterCard Global Destination Cities Index.
  21. ^ Zamora, Gigi. "The Cities With The Most Billionaires 2023". Forbes. Archived from the original on 4 June 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  22. ^ "FIFA World Cup kicks off in Russia". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 2 August 2021. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  23. ^ "Moscow parks". Bridge To Moscow. Archived from the original on 25 June 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2020.


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