| Muhammad Jamalul Alam II محمد جمال العالم ٢ | |
|---|---|
 Jamalul Alam in 1921 | |
| Sultan of Brunei | |
| Reign | 10 May 1906 – 19 September 1924 |
| Coronation | 15 May 1918 |
| Predecessor | Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin |
| Successor | Ahmad Tajuddin |
| Born | 1888/1889 |
| Died | 19 September 1924 (aged 35) |
| Burial | Kubah Makam Diraja, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei |
| Spouses | Pengiran Isteri Tengah Pengiran Anak Siti Fatimah |
| Issue |
|
| House | Bolkiah |
| Father | Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin |
| Mother | Pengiran Isteri Fatimah[1] |
| Religion | Islam |
Muhammad Jamalul Alam II (1888/1889 – 19 September 1924) was the 26th Sultan of Brunei from 1906 until his death in 1924.[2][3] He was succeeded by his eldest son Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin.
During Jamalul Alam's reign, he aimed to encourage new developments in agriculture, medicine, and education,[4] while also promoting Islamic learning.[4] His rule saw Brunei through one of its most impoverished periods, as the country faced economic decline and social challenges.[5] Jamalul Alam was the first Bruneian sultan to speak English, reflecting British influence as Brunei navigated its relationship with the British Residency established in 1906. Initially, the Sultan encountered resistance from conservative royal family members opposed to British administrative reforms.[6] Nevertheless, he eventually became known as a "model ruler" and a loyal British ally, admired for his intelligence and diplomatic approach.[7] His unexpected death in 1924 left Brunei under a regency during the minority of his son, Ahmad Tajuddin, sparking continued debates over the future of Brunei's education and governance.[6]
- ^ Mohd Jamil Al-Sufri 1971, p. 170.
- ^ Saunders 2002, p. 43.
- ^ Kershaw 2001, p. xvii.
- ^ a b Melton 2014, p. 1618.
- ^ Hussainmiya 2000, p. 10.
- ^ a b Kershaw 2001, p. 32.
- ^ State of Brunei Annual Report 1963. Kuala Belait: Brunei Press. 1965. p. 226.