Muhammadiyah

Muhammadiyah Society
Persyarikatan Muhammadiyah
Formation18 November 1912
TypeIslamic organization
PurposeSocio-religious, economics, education, and health
HeadquartersYogyakarta and Jakarta, Indonesia
Region served
Southeast Asia
Membership
60 million (2019)
Chairman
Haedar Nashir
Secretary-general
Abdul Mu'ti
AffiliationsIslamic modernism (Sunni Islam)[1]
Websitewww.muhammadiyah.or.id

Muhammadiyah (Arabic: محمدية, romanized: Muḥammadiyyah, lit. 'followers of Muhammad'); officially Muhammadiyah Society (Indonesian: Persyarikatan Muhammadiyah) is a major Islamic non-governmental organization in Indonesia.[2] The organization was founded in 1912 by Ahmad Dahlan in the city of Yogyakarta as a reformist socioreligious movement, advocating ijtihad - individual interpretation of Qur'an and Sunnah, as opposed to Taqlid - conformity to the traditional interpretations propounded by the ulama.[3] Since its establishment, Muhammadiyah has adopted a reformist platform mixing religious and secular education,[4] primarily as a way to promote the upward mobility of Muslims toward a 'modern' community and to purify Indonesian Islam of local syncretic practices.[4] It continues to support local culture and promote religious tolerance in Indonesia, while a few of its higher education institutions are attended mostly by non-Muslims, especially in East Nusa Tenggara and Papua provinces. The group also runs a large chain of charity hospitals,[2] and operated 128 universities as of the late 1990s.[5]

At the time of Dahlan's death in 1923, the organization reported a membership of 2,622 men and 724 women, mostly residents of Yogyakarta.[6] Numbers grew steadily — 10,000 in 1928, 17,000 in 1929, and 24,000 in 1931.[7] By the 1930s, moreover, it had begun to establish branches beyond Java, the main center of population, throughout Indonesia, and today it is said to be the second largest Islamic organization in Indonesia (behind Nahdlatul Ulama) with 29 million members in 2008.[8] The membership is largely urban and middle class in composition.[3] Although Muhammadiyah leaders and members are often actively involved in shaping the politics in Indonesia, Muhammadiyah is not a political party. It has devoted itself to social and educational activities.

  1. ^ Nashir M. Si, Dr. H Haidar (2015). MUHAMMADIYAH: A REFORM MOVEMENT. Jl. A Yani Pabelan Tromol Pos 1 Kartasura Surakarta 57102 Jawa Tengah – Indonesia: Muhammadiyah University Press. p. 94. ISBN 978-602-361-013-6. From aqidah standpoints, Muhammadiyah may adhere Salafi , as stated by Tarjih in Himpinan Putusan Tarjih (wy: 11), that Muhammadiyah promotes the belief principles referring to the Salaf (al-fi rqat al-najat min al-Salaf).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  2. ^ a b A. Jalil Hamid, Tackle the rising cost of living longer . New Straits Times, 30 October 2016. Accessed 1 November 2016.
  3. ^ a b "Muhammadiyah". Div. of Religion and Philosophy, St. Martin College, UK. Archived from the original on 2008-09-14. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
  4. ^ a b Abu Zayd, Nasr (2006). Reformation of Islamic Thought. Amsterdam University Press. ISBN 9789053568286. Retrieved 20 April 2016.
  5. ^ Pieternella van Doorn-Harder, WOMEN SHAPING ISLAM: Reading the Qu'ran in Indonesia, pg .95. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2010. ISBN 9780252092718
  6. ^ Peacock 1978, 45
  7. ^ Israeli 1982, 191
  8. ^ Europa Publications Limited