Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding

MUSE (Multiple sub-Nyquist Sampling Encoding),[1] commercially known as Hi-Vision (a contraction of HIgh-definition teleVISION)[1] was a Japanese analog high-definition television system, with design efforts going back to 1979.[2]

It used dot-interlacing and digital video compression to deliver 1125 line, 60 field-per-second (1125i60) [2] signals to the home. The system was standardized as ITU-R recommendation BO.786[3] and specified by SMPTE 260M,[4] using a colorimetry matrix specified by SMPTE 240M.[5] As with other analog systems, not all lines carry visible information. On MUSE there are 1035 active interlaced lines, therefore this system is sometimes also mentioned as 1035i.[6] MUSE employed 2-dimensional filtering, dot-interlacing, motion-vector compensation and line-sequential color encoding with time compression to "fold" or compress an original 30 MHz bandwidth Hi-Vision source signal into just 8.1 MHz.

Japan began broadcasting wideband analog HDTV signals in December 1988,[7] initially with an aspect ratio of 2:1. The Sony HDVS high-definition video system was used to create content for the MUSE system, but didn't record MUSE signals.[2] It recorded Hi-Vision signals which are uncompressed. By the time of its commercial launch in 1991, digital HDTV was already under development in the United States. Hi-Vision MUSE was mainly broadcast by NHK through their BShi satellite TV channel, although other channels such as WOWOW, TV Asahi, Fuji Television, TBS Television, Nippon Television, and TV Tokyo also broadcast in MUSE.[8][9][10]

On May 20, 1994, Panasonic released the first MUSE LaserDisc player.[11] There were also a number of players available from other brands like Pioneer and Sony.

Hi-Vision continued broadcasting in analog by NHK until 2007. Other channels had stopped soon after December 1, 2000 as they transitioned to digital HD signals in ISDB, Japan's digital broadcast standard.[12]

  1. ^ a b "DBNSTJ : Realization of High-Definition Television by MUSE System". dbnst.nii.ac.jp.
  2. ^ a b c Cianci, Philip J. (January 10, 2014). High Definition Television: The Creation, Development and Implementation of HDTV Technology. McFarland. ISBN 9780786487974 – via Google Books.
  3. ^ "MUSE system for HDTV broadcasting-satellite services" (PDF). International Telecommunication Union. 1992. ITU-R BO.786.
  4. ^ "ST 240:1999 - SMPTE Standard - For Television — 1125-Line High-Definition Production Systems — Signal Parameters". St 240:1999: 1–7. November 30, 1999. doi:10.5594/SMPTE.ST240.1999. ISBN 978-1-61482-389-6. Archived from the original on January 31, 2022 – via IEEE Xplore.
  5. ^ ANSI/SMPTE 240M-1995 - Signal Parameters 1125-Line High-Definition Production Systems (PDF). SMPTE. 1995.
  6. ^ Poynton, Charles (January 3, 2003). Digital Video and HD: Algorithms and Interfaces. Elsevier. ISBN 9780080504308 – via Google Books.
  7. ^ "MUSE LaserDisc". ura.caldc.com. Retrieved 2022-10-19.
  8. ^ "テレビ多チャンネル時代における放送と通信の融合(4) | NDLサーチ | 国立国会図書館". 国立国会図書館サーチ（NDLサーチ）.
  9. ^ 1994年11月28日付 朝日新聞・夕刊
  10. ^ https://www.bgu.ac.jp/library/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2022/08/SHIMIZU_80.pdf
  11. ^ "MUSE HI-DEF LaserDisc Players". LaserDisc UK Web Site. Archived from the original on 30 April 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
  12. ^ "MUSE方式アナログハイビジョン終了の経緯" (PDF).