Mumbai

"Bombay" redirects here. For other uses, see Bombay (disambiguation) and Mumbai (disambiguation).

Mumbai
Bombay
Megacity
Skyline of Mumbai across Back Bay
Gateway of India
The World Towers
Marine Drive
Taj Mahal Palace Hotel
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus
Bandra–Worli Sea Link
Coat of arms of Mumbai
Coat of arms
Nickname(s): 
City of Dreams, City of Seven Islands,[1] Maximum City,[2] The Big Coconut,[3] The City That Never Sleeps[4]
Map
Map
Coordinates: 19°04′34″N 72°52′39″E / 19.07611°N 72.87750°E / 19.07611; 72.87750
Country India
State Maharashtra
DivisionKonkan
DistrictMumbai City
Mumbai Suburban
First settled1507[5]
Named forMumbadevi
Government
 • TypeMunicipal Corporation
 • BodyBrihanmumbai Municipal Corporation
 • MayorVacant[6][7]
 • AdministratorI. S. Chahal, IAS[8]
Area
 • Megacity
603.4 km2 (233.0 sq mi)
 • Metro
[9]
6,328 km2 (1,681.5 sq mi)
Elevation
14 m (46 ft)
Population
 (2011)[10]
 • Megacity
12,442,373
 • Rank1st
 • Density21,000/km2 (53,000/sq mi)
 • Metro
[11]
18,414,288
20,748,395 (Extended UA)
Demonym(s)Mumbaikar, Bombayite, Mumbaiite[12]
GDP
 • Megacity₹7.17 trillion (US$86 billion)[13]
 • Metro$277 billion[14]
 • PPP$400 billion[15]
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PINs
400 001 to 400 107
Area code+91-22
Vehicle registration
  • MH-01 Mumbai(S/C)
  • MH-02 Mumbai(W)
  • MH-03 Mumbai(E)
  • MH-47 Borivali[16]
HDIIncrease 0.841[17] – very high
International airportChhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport
Rapid TransitMumbai Metro and Mumbai Monorail
Official languageMarathi[18][19]
Websiteportal.mcgm.gov.in
Official nameElephanta Caves, Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, and The Victorian and Art Deco Ensemble of Mumbai
TypeCultural
Criteriai, ii, iii, iv
Designated1987, 2004, 2018 (11th, 28th 42nd sessions)
Reference no.[1]; [2] [3]
RegionSouthern Asia

Mumbai (/mʊmˈbaɪ/ muum-BY; ISO: Muṁbaī, Marathi: [ˈmumbəi] ⓘ), formerly known as Bombay (/bɒmˈbeɪ/ bom-BAY), is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. Mumbai is the financial capital and the most populous city proper of India with an estimated population of 12.5 million (1.25 crore).[20] Mumbai is the centre of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, the sixth-most populous metropolitan area in the world with a population of over 23 million (2.3 crore).[21] Mumbai lies on the Konkan coast on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. In 2008, Mumbai was named an alpha world city.[22][23] Mumbai has the highest number of billionaires out of any city in Asia.[a]

The seven islands that constitute Mumbai were earlier home to communities of Marathi language-speaking Koli people.[25][26][27] For centuries, the seven islands of Bombay were under the control of successive indigenous rulers before being ceded to the Portuguese Empire, and subsequently to the East India Company in 1661, through the dowry of Catherine Braganza when she was married off to Charles II of England.[28] Beginning in 1782, Mumbai was reshaped by the Hornby Vellard project,[29] which undertook reclamation of the area between the seven islands from the Arabian Sea.[30] Along with the construction of major roads and railways, the reclamation project, completed in 1845, transformed Mumbai into a major seaport on the Arabian Sea. Mumbai in the 19th century was characterised by economic and educational development. During the early 20th century it became a strong base for the Indian independence movement. Upon India's independence in 1947 the city was incorporated into Bombay State. In 1960, following the Samyukta Maharashtra Movement, a new state of Maharashtra was created with Mumbai as the capital.[31]

Mumbai is the financial, commercial,[32] and entertainment capital of South Asia. Mumbai is often compared to New York,[33][34] and the city is home to the Bombay Stock Exchange, situated on Dalal Street. It is also one of the world's top ten centres of commerce in terms of global financial flow,[35] generating 6.16% of India's GDP,[36] and accounting for 25% of the nation's industrial output, 70% of maritime trade in India (Mumbai Port Trust, Dharamtar Port and JNPT),[37] and 70% of capital transactions to India's economy.[38][39] The city houses important financial institutions and the corporate headquarters of numerous Indian companies and multinational corporations. The city is also home to some of India's premier scientific and nuclear institutes and the Hindi and Marathi film industries. Mumbai's business opportunities attract migrants from all over India.

  1. ^ "The Seven Islands". The Mumbai Pages. 16 July 1995. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 27 October 2012.
  2. ^ "Mumbai is truly maximum city". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
  3. ^ Rooney, John F. (2007). The Daemon in Our Dreams. John F. Rooney. ISBN 978-0-9752756-7-2. Archived from the original on 16 February 2024. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
  4. ^ "Spice of Life: Sleepless in the city that never sleeps". The Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 16 April 2024. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
  5. ^ "Mumbai Settlement". Britannia. Archived from the original on 26 December 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
  6. ^ "Administrator to run BMC, first time in 40 years". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 11 October 2022. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
  7. ^ "BMC to be Run by Administrator Sans Mayor After 4 Decades". News18. Archived from the original on 8 March 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
  8. ^ "Iqbal Chahal appointed as BMC administrator as elections delayed". The Free Press Journal. Archived from the original on 8 March 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
  9. ^ "Mumbai metropolitan area" (in Italian). Projectsecoa.eu. Archived from the original on 13 May 2013. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
  10. ^ "Maharashtra (India): Districts, Cities, Towns and Outgrowth Wards – Population Statistics in Maps and Charts". Archived from the original on 6 October 2014.
  11. ^ "INDIA STATS : Million plus cities in India as per Census 2011". Press Information Bureau, Mumbai. National Informatics Centre. Archived from the original on 30 June 2015. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
  12. ^ Neela Dabir; Naina Athale (7 June 2011). From Street to Hope. Sage Publications Private Limited, Mathura Road, New Delhi. p. 76. ISBN 9788132107651.
  13. ^ "Economic Survey of Maharashtra 2023-24" (PDF). maharashtra.gov.in.
  14. ^ "Global Wealth GDP Nominal Distribution: Who Are The Leaders Of The Global Economy? – Full Size". www.visualcapitalist.com. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  15. ^ Bharucha, Nauzer (30 May 2017). "Nine Indian Cities in JLL's latest 'Global' 300 rankings". The Times of India. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  16. ^ "Maharashtra Government-Know Your RTO" (PDF). Retrieved 21 October 2019.
  17. ^ "Maharashtra Human Development Report, 2012" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 February 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
  18. ^ National Commissioner Linguistic Minorities 50th report, page 131 Archived 8 July 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Government of India. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  19. ^ "Evolution of the Corporation, Historical Milestones". Mumbai: Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai. Archived from the original on 15 July 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  20. ^ "Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 May 2012. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  21. ^ "World Urban Areas" (PDF). Demographia. 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
  22. ^ Cite error: The named reference lboro2008 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  23. ^ "Mumbai | ISAC". Indiastudyabroad.org. Archived from the original on 12 May 2015. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  24. ^ "Mumbai beats Beijing to emerge as the new billionaire hub of Asia". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 29 March 2024. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
  25. ^ James, V. (1977). "Marriage Customs of Christian Son Kolis" (PDF). Asian Folklore Studies. 36 (2): 131–148. doi:10.2307/1177821. ISSN 0385-2342. JSTOR 1177821. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013.
  26. ^ Munshi, Kanaiyalal M. (1954). Gujarāt and its literature, from early times to 1852. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. xix. The next immigrants into the islands of Bombay were the Kolis, who on all authorities continued to be their original inhabitants till Aungier founded the city of Bombay. Kathiawad and Central Gujarāt was the home of the Kolis in pre-historic times.
  27. ^ Mehta, R. N. (1983). "Bombay – An analysis of the toponym". Journal of the Oriental Institute: 138–140. The kolis who succeeded the stone-age men on the island brought with them from Gujarat their patron goddess Mummai whom their descendants still worship in Kathiawar. The name of Bombay is derived from this koli goddess.
  28. ^ Wynne, S. M. (2004). "Catherine (1638–1705)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 1 (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4894. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2015. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  29. ^ Dwivedi & Mehrotra 2001, p. 28
  30. ^ "Once Upon a Time in Bombay". Foreign Policy. 24 June 2011. Archived from the original on 9 January 2015. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
  31. ^ "Bombay: History of a City". British Library. Archived from the original on 13 February 2009. Retrieved 8 November 2008.
  32. ^ Lakshmi, Rama (14 April 2011). "New millionaires hope to serve as role models for India's lower castes". The Washington Post. Mumbai. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
  33. ^ New York and Mumbai: What really makes them twins is the people (4 July 2017). "New York and Mumbai: What really makes them twins is the people". Times of India. Archived from the original on 10 March 2024. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  34. ^ "Mumbai Is India's New York". NPR. Archived from the original on 28 February 2024. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  35. ^ "Mumbai, a land of opportunities". The Times of India. 20 July 2011. Archived from the original on 4 August 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2011.
  36. ^ "Mumbai Urban Infrastructure Project". Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority. Archived from the original on 26 February 2009. Retrieved 18 July 2008.
  37. ^ "10 worst oil spills that cost trillions in losses : Rediff.com Business". Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 14 August 2010. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  38. ^ "Development of Mumbai International Airport (NMIA)" (PDF). CIDCO. 2013. p. 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
  39. ^ Mahajan, Poonam (26 July 2014). "Poonam Mahajan explains why Mumbai is at the very heart of India story". DNA India. Mumbai. Archived from the original on 21 June 2015. Retrieved 21 June 2015.


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