Murine respirovirus

Murine respirovirus
Virus classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Negarnaviricota
Class: Monjiviricetes
Order: Mononegavirales
Family: Paramyxoviridae
Genus: Respirovirus
Species:
Murine respirovirus
Synonyms
  • Sendai virus[1]
Phylogenetic tree of paramyxoviruses with Sendai virus
Phylogenetic tree

Murine respirovirus, formerly Sendai virus (SeV) and previously also known as murine parainfluenza virus type 1 or hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ), is an enveloped, 150-200 nm–diameter, negative sense, single-stranded RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae.[2][3][4] It typically infects rodents and it is not pathogenic for humans or domestic animals.

Sendai virus (SeV) is a member of the genus Respirovirus.[5][6] The virus was isolated in the city of Sendai in Japan in the early 1950s. Since then, it has been actively used in research as a model pathogen. The virus is infectious for many cancer cell lines (see below), and has oncolytic properties demonstrated in animal models[7][8] and in naturally-occurring cancers in animals.[9] SeV's ability to fuse eukaryotic cells and to form syncytium was used to produce hybridoma cells capable of manufacturing monoclonal antibodies in large quantities.[10]

Recent applications of SeV-based vectors include the reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells[11][12] and vaccine creation. For vaccination purpose the Sendai virus-based constructs could be delivered in a form of nasal drops, which may be beneficial in inducing a mucosal immune response. SeV has several features that are important in a vector for a successful vaccine: the virus does not integrate into the host genome, it does not undergo genetic recombination, it replicates only in the cytoplasm without DNA intermediates or a nuclear phase and it does not cause any disease in humans or domestic animals. Sendai virus is used as a backbone for vaccine development against Mycobacterium tuberculosis that causes tuberculosis, against HIV-1 that causes AIDS and against other viruses, including those that cause severe respiratory infections in children.[13][14] The latter include Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV), Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) and Human Parainfluenza Viruses (HPIV).[14]

The vaccine studies against M. tuberculosis,[15] HMPV, HPIV1 and, HPIV2 are in the pre-clinical stage,[14] against HRSV a phase I clinical trail has been completed.[16] The phase I clinical studies of SeV-based vaccination were also completed for HPIV1.[14] They were done in adults and in 3- to 6-year-old children. As a result of vaccination against HPIV1 a significant boost in virus-specific neutralizing antibodies was observed.[14] A SeV-based vaccine development against HIV-1 has reached a phase II clinical trial.[17][18] In Japan intranasal Sendai virus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was created and tested in a mouse model.[19]

  1. ^ Walker P (15 June 2015). "Implementation of taxon-wide non-Latinized binomial species names in the family Rhabdoviridae" (PDF). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). p. 7. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
  2. ^ Samal SK (2008). "Paramyxoviruses of Animals". Encyclopedia of Virology. Elsevier. pp. 40–47. doi:10.1016/b978-012374410-4.00460-x. ISBN 9780123744104. S2CID 81060576.
  3. ^ "Paramyxoviridae". UniProt.
  4. ^ Faísca P, Desmecht D (February 2007). "Sendai virus, the mouse parainfluenza type 1: a longstanding pathogen that remains up-to-date". Research in Veterinary Science. 82 (1): 115–125. doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2006.03.009. PMID 16759680.
  5. ^ "Taxonomy - Respirovirus". UniProt.
  6. ^ "Respirovirus". ViralZone.
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference Saga_2015 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference Matveeva 2015 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference Ilyinskaya_2018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ Köhler G, Milstein C (August 1975). "Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity". Nature. 256 (5517): 495–497. Bibcode:1975Natur.256..495K. doi:10.1038/256495a0. PMID 1172191. S2CID 4161444.
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference Fusaki-2009 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference Ban-2011 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference Russell-2015 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ a b c d e Russell CJ, Hurwitz JL (May 2021). "Sendai Virus-Vectored Vaccines That Express Envelope Glycoproteins of Respiratory Viruses". Viruses. 13 (6): 1023. doi:10.3390/v13061023. PMC 8230104. PMID 34072332.
  15. ^ Cite error: The named reference Hu-2019 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  16. ^ Scaggs Huang F, Bernstein DI, Slobod KS, Portner A, Takimoto T, Russell CJ, et al. (February 2021). "Safety and immunogenicity of an intranasal sendai virus-based vaccine for human parainfluenza virus type I and respiratory syncytial virus (SeVRSV) in adults". Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. 17 (2): 554–559. doi:10.1080/21645515.2020.1779517. PMC 7899675. PMID 32750273.
  17. ^ Cite error: The named reference Seki-2016 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  18. ^ Cite error: The named reference Nyombayire-2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  19. ^ Morimoto S, Saeki K, Takeshita M, Hirano K, Shirakawa M, Yamada Y, et al. (January 2023). "Intranasal Sendai virus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine using a mouse model". Genes to Cells. 28 (1): 29–41. doi:10.1111/gtc.12992. PMID 36401755. S2CID 253671438.