Muscle tension dysphonia

Muscle Tension Dysphonia
SpecialtyOtolaryngology, Speech Language Pathology[1]
Symptomschanges in voice, hoarse voice, breathy voice[1][2]
Usual onsetMiddle Age[2]

Muscle tension dysphonia (MTD) was originally coined in 1983 by Morrison[2] and describes a dysphonia caused by increased muscle tension of the muscles surrounding the voice box: the laryngeal and paralaryngeal muscles.[3] MTD is a unifying diagnosis for a previously poorly categorized disease process. It allows for the diagnosis of dysphonia caused by many different etiologies and can be confirmed by history, physical exam, laryngoscopy and videostroboscopy, a technique that allows for the direct visualization of the larynx, vocal cords, and vocal cord motion.[4]

MTD has been known by other names including muscle misuse dysphonia, hyperfunctional dysphonia, and hyperkinetic dysphonia among others.[1] MTD can be broken in two groups: primary and secondary. Primary MTD occurs without an underlying organic cause while secondary MTD occur due to an underlying organic source.[3]

MTD is more commonly diagnosed in women,[5][3] the middle aged,[2] and individuals who have high levels of stress.[1] It is also more often seen in those who use their voice often such as singers and teachers.[2]

  1. ^ a b c d Altman, Kenneth W.; Atkinson, Cory; Lazarus, Cathy (June 2005). "Current and Emerging Concepts in Muscle Tension Dysphonia: A 30-Month Review". Journal of Voice. 19 (2): 261–267. doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2004.03.007. ISSN 0892-1997. PMID 15907440.
  2. ^ a b c d e Morrison, M. D.; Rammage, L. A.; Belisle, G. M.; Pullan, C. B.; Nichol, H. (October 1983). "Muscular tension dysphonia". The Journal of Otolaryngology. 12 (5): 302–306. ISSN 0381-6605. PMID 6644858.
  3. ^ a b c Van Houtte, Evelyne; Van Lierde, Kristiane; Claeys, Sofie (March 2011). "Pathophysiology and Treatment of Muscle Tension Dysphonia: A Review of the Current Knowledge". Journal of Voice. 25 (2): 202–207. doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2009.10.009. ISSN 0892-1997. PMID 20400263.
  4. ^ Sercarz, Joel A.; Berke, Gerald S.; Gerratt, Bruce R.; Ming, Ye; Natividad, Manuel (July 1992). "Videostroboscopy of Human Vocal Fold Paralysis". Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology. 101 (7): 567–577. doi:10.1177/000348949210100705. ISSN 0003-4894. PMID 1626902. S2CID 22044354.
  5. ^ Roy, Nelson (June 2003). "Functional dysphonia". Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery. 11 (3): 144–148. doi:10.1097/00020840-200306000-00002. ISSN 1068-9508. PMID 12923352. S2CID 18595200.