Modern Muslim female athletes have achieved success in a variety of sports, including volleyball, tennis, association football, fencing, and basketball.[2] In the 2016 Summer Olympics, fourteen women from Muslim-majority countries won medals, participating in a wide range of sports.[3]
Still, Muslim women are underrepresented in athletic arenas, from school and amateur sports to international competitions.[4][5] Causes may include cultural or familial pressures, the lack of suitable facilities and programs, and bans on the hijab, the Islamic headscarf.[6] Muslim women have used sports as a means to empowerment, working towards health and wellbeing, women's rights, and education.[7][8]
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- ^ Patrick Johnston (Aug 19, 2016). "Kimia Alizadeh Zenoorin Becomes The First Iranian Woman To Win An Olympic Medal". Reuters/Huffington Post.
- ^ Culpepper, Chuck (2016-07-29). "Muslim female athletes find sport so essential they compete while covered". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2016-10-17.
- ^ Harvard, Sarah (August 22, 2016). "Meet these 14 incredible Muslim women athletes who won medals at the 2016 Rio Olympics". MIC The Economist. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
- ^ Pfister, Gertrud (Summer 2006). "Islam and Women's Sports". APCEIU. Asia-Pacific Centre of Education for International Understanding. Archived from the original on 22 September 2018. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
- ^ Sfeir, Leila (1985-12-01). "The Status of Muslim Women in Sport: Conflict between Cultural Tradition and Modernization". International Review for the Sociology of Sport. 20 (4): 283–306. doi:10.1177/101269028502000404. ISSN 1012-6902. S2CID 144674585.
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