Mycoplasma genitalium

Mycoplasma genitalium
3D whole cell model of a Mycoplasma genitalium cell. Note this model does not include the terminal attachment organelle.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Mycoplasmatota
Class: Mollicutes
Order: Mycoplasmoidales
Family: Mycoplasmoidaceae
Genus: Mycoplasmoides
Species:
M. genitalium
Binomial name
Mycoplasmoides genitalium
(Tully et al. 1983) Gupta et al. 2018[1]
Synonyms

Mycoplasma genitalium Tully et al. 1983[2]

Mycoplasma genitalium (also known as MG[3], Mgen, or since 2018, Mycoplasmoides genitalium[1]) is a sexually transmitted,[4] small and pathogenic bacterium that lives on the mucous epithelial cells of the urinary and genital tracts in humans.[5] Medical reports published in 2007 and 2015 state that Mgen is becoming increasingly common.[6][7] Resistance to multiple antibiotics, including the macrolide azithromycin, which until recently was the most reliable treatment, is becoming prevalent.[6][8] The bacterium was first isolated from the urogenital tract of humans in 1981,[9] and was eventually identified as a new species of Mycoplasma in 1983.[2] It can cause negative health effects in men and women. It also increases the risk for HIV spread[10] with higher occurrences in those previously treated with the azithromycin antibiotics.[6][11]

  1. ^ a b Gupta RS, Sawnani S, Adeolu M, Alnajar S, Oren A (1 September 2018). "Phylogenetic framework for the phylum Tenericutes based on genome sequence data: proposal for the creation of a new order Mycoplasmoidales ord. nov., containing two new families Mycoplasmoidaceae fam. nov. and Metamycoplasmataceae fam. nov. harbouring Eperythrozoon, Ureaplasma and five novel genera". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 111 (9): 1583–1630. doi:10.1007/s10482-018-1047-3. ISSN 1572-9699. PMID 29556819. S2CID 254226604.
  2. ^ a b Tully JG, Taylor-Robinson D, Rose DL, Cole RM, Bove JM (1983). "Mycoplasma genitalium, a New Species from the Human Urogenital Tract". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 33 (2): 387–396. doi:10.1099/00207713-33-2-387.
  3. ^ Roberts M (11 July 2018). "Emerging sex disease 'could be superbug'". BBC News. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2018.
  4. ^ Workowski K. A., Bolan G. A. (2015). "Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015". MMWR Recomm. Rep. 64 (RR-03): 1–137. PMC 5885289. PMID 26042815.
  5. ^ Weinstein SA, Stiles BG (1 January 2012). "Recent perspectives in the diagnosis and evidence-based treatment of Mycoplasma genitalium". Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy. 10 (4): 487–499. doi:10.1586/eri.12.20. ISSN 1478-7210. PMID 22512757. S2CID 207218803.
  6. ^ a b c Jensen JS, Bradshaw C (2015). "Management of Mycoplasma genitalium infections—Can we hit a moving target". BMC Infect Dis. 15: 343. doi:10.1186/s12879-015-1041-6. PMC 4545773. PMID 26286546.
  7. ^ Manhart LE, Holmes KK, Hughes JP, et al. (2007). "Mycoplasma genitalium among young adults in the United States: An emerging sexually transmitted infection". Am J Public Health. 97 (6): 1118–1125. doi:10.2105/ajph.2005.074062. PMC 1874220. PMID 17463380.
  8. ^ Patel PH, Hashmi MF (2023), "Macrolides", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 31855339, retrieved 25 September 2023
  9. ^ Tully JG, Cole RM, Taylor-Robinson D, Rose DL (1981). "A newly discovered Mycoplasma in the human urinogenital tract". The Lancet. 317 (8233): 1288–1291. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(81)92461-2. PMID 6112607. S2CID 31023747.
  10. ^ World Health Organization (WHO). Laboratory diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, including human immunodeficiency virus. Switzerland: World Health Organization 2013
  11. ^ Barberá M, et al. Mycoplasma genitalium macrolide and fluoroquino-lone resistance: prevalence and risk factors among a 2013–2014 cohort of patients in Barcelona Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Spain, 2017; In Press