Myles Standish

For the astronomer, see E. Myles Standish.

Myles Standish
The portrait of Myles Standish
This portrait was first published in 1885 and alleged to be a 1625 likeness of Standish, although its authenticity has never been proven.[1]
Bornc. 1584
Probably Chorley, Lancashire, England
DiedOctober 3, 1656 (aged 72)
Duxbury, Plymouth County,
Plymouth Colony
AllegianceEngland
Plymouth Colony
RankCaptain
CommandsPlymouth Colony militia
Battles / warsEighty Years' War (Netherlands)
Wessagusset Colony (Plymouth Colony)
Spouse(s)Rose Standish
Barbara Standish
Signature

Myles Standish (c. 1584 – October 3, 1656) was an English military officer and colonist. He was hired as military adviser for Plymouth Colony in present-day Massachusetts, United States by the Pilgrims. Standish accompanied the Pilgrims on the ship Mayflower and played a leading role in the administration and defense of Plymouth Colony from its foundation in 1620.[2] On February 17, 1621, the Plymouth Colony militia elected him as its first commander and continued to re-elect him to that position for the remainder of his life.[3] Standish served at various times as an agent of Plymouth Colony on a return trip to England, as assistant governor of the colony, and as its treasurer.[4]

A defining characteristic of Standish's military leadership was his proclivity for preemptive action. He led at least two attacks or small skirmishes against Native Americans in a raid on the village of Nemasket and a conflict at Wessagusset Colony. During these actions, Standish exhibited skill as a soldier, but disturbed more moderate members of the colony due to his brutality toward Natives.[5]

Standish led a botched expedition against French troops at Penobscot in 1635, one of his last military actions. By the 1640s, he relinquished his role as an active soldier and became a farmer in Duxbury, Massachusetts, where he was one of the first settlers.[6] He remained nominal commander of the Pilgrim military forces in the growing colony, but acted in an advisory capacity.[7] He died in his home in Duxbury in 1656 at age 72.[8] Standish supported and defended the Pilgrims' colony for much of his life, though there is no evidence to suggest that he ever joined their church.[9]

Several towns and military installations have been named after Standish, and monuments have been built in his memory. He appears as lead character in the 1858 poem The Courtship of Miles Standish by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, a highly fictionalized account which presents him as a timid romantic.[10] The poem was popular in the 19th century and played a role in cementing the Pilgrim story in American culture.[11]

  1. ^ Winsor, History of Boston, 65.
  2. ^ Philbrick, p. 84.
  3. ^ Philbrick, p. 88.
  4. ^ Winsor, The History of the Town of Duxbury, p. 49.
  5. ^ Philbrick, pp. 153–156.
  6. ^ Wentworth, p. 3.
  7. ^ Jenks, p. 242.
  8. ^ Winsor, History of the Town of Duxbury, p. 95.
  9. ^ Goodwin, p. 70.
  10. ^ Jenks, p. 182.
  11. ^ Browne and Forgit, p. 66.