N-type calcium channel

N-type calcium channels also called Cav2.2 channels are voltage gated calcium channels that are localized primarily on the nerve terminals and dendrites as well as neuroendocrine cells.[1] The calcium N-channel consists of several subunits: the primary subunit α1B and the auxiliary subunits α2δ and β. The α1B subunit forms the pore through which the calcium enters and helps to determine most of the channel's properties.[2] These channels play an important role in the neurotransmission during development. In the adult nervous system, N-type calcium channels are critically involved in the release of neurotransmitters, and in pain pathways.[2][3] N-type calcium channels are the target of ziconotide, the drug prescribed to relieve intractable cancer pain. There are many known N-type calcium channel blockers that function to inhibit channel activity, although the most notable blockers are ω-conotoxins.[4]

Crystal Structure of N-Type Channel
  1. ^ Catterall WA, Perez-Reyes E, Snutch TP, Striessnig J (2019-09-16). "Voltage-gated calcium channels (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database". IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology CITE. 2019 (4). Edinburgh University Library. doi:10.2218/gtopdb/f80/2019.4. ISSN 2633-1020.
  2. ^ a b "Voltage-dependent calcium channel, N-type, alpha-1 subunit". InterPro. EMBL-EBI.
  3. ^ Heyes S, Pratt WS, Rees E, Dahimene S, Ferron L, Owen MJ, Dolphin AC (November 2015). "Genetic disruption of voltage-gated calcium channels in psychiatric and neurological disorders". Prog Neurobiol. 134: 36–54. doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.09.002. PMC 4658333. PMID 26386135.
  4. ^ Adams DJ, Berecki G (July 2013). "Mechanisms of conotoxin inhibition of N-type (Ca(v)2.2) calcium channels". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes. 1828 (7): 1619–28. doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.01.019. PMID 23380425.