Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), also known as nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2, is a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the NFE2L2 gene.[5] NRF2 is a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) protein that may regulate the expression of antioxidant proteins that protect against oxidative damage triggered by injury and inflammation, according to preliminary research.[6] In vitro, NRF2 binds to antioxidant response elements (AREs) in the promoter regions of genes encoding cytoprotective proteins.[7] NRF2 induces the expression of heme oxygenase 1 in vitro leading to an increase in phase II enzymes.[8] NRF2 also inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome.[9]
NRF2 appears to participate in a complex regulatory network and performs a pleiotropic role in the regulation of metabolism, inflammation, autophagy, proteostasis, mitochondrial physiology, and immune responses.[10] Several drugs that stimulate the NFE2L2 pathway are being studied for treatment of diseases that are caused by oxidative stress.[6][11]
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- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000015839 – Ensembl, May 2017
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- ^ a b Gold R, Kappos L, Arnold DL, Bar-Or A, Giovannoni G, Selmaj K, et al. (September 2012). "Placebo-controlled phase 3 study of oral BG-12 for relapsing multiple sclerosis". The New England Journal of Medicine. 367 (12): 1098–107. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1114287. hdl:2078.1/124401. PMID 22992073.
- ^ Gureev AP, Popov VN, Starkov AA (2020). "Crosstalk between the mTOR and Nrf2/ARE signaling pathways as a target in the improvement of long-term potentiation". Experimental Gerontology. 328: 113285. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113285. PMC 7145749. PMID 32165256.
- ^ Zhu Y, Yang Q, Liu H, Chen W (2020). "Phytochemical compounds targeting on Nrf2 for chemoprevention in colorectal cancer". European Journal of Pharmacology. 887: 173588. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173588. PMID 32961170. S2CID 221863319.
- ^ Ahmed S, Luo L, Tang X (2017). "Nrf2 signaling pathway: Pivotal roles in inflammation". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease. 1863 (2): 585–597. doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.11.005. PMID 27825853.
- ^ He F, Ru X, Wen T (January 2020). "NRF2, a Transcription Factor for Stress Response and Beyond". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 21 (13): 4777. doi:10.3390/ijms21134777. PMC 7369905. PMID 32640524.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
- ^ Dodson M, de la Vega MR, Cholanians AB, Schmidlin CJ, Chapman E, Zhang DD (January 2019). "Modulating NRF2 in Disease: Timing Is Everything". Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 59: 555–575. doi:10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010818-021856. PMC 6538038. PMID 30256716.
