NGC 7354

NGC 7354
Emission nebula
Planetary nebula
Hubble Space Telescope image of NGC 7354
Observation data: J2000 epoch
Right ascension22h 40m 19.87387s[1]
Declination+61° 17′ 08.7444″[1]
Distance5,538[2] ly   (1,698 pc)
Apparent dimensions (V)20.0″[2]
ConstellationCepheus
DesignationsPN G107.8+02.3, IRAS 22384+6101, NGC 7354[3]
See also: Lists of nebulae

NGC 7354 is a planetary nebula located in the northern circumpolar constellation of Cepheus, at a distance of approximately 5.5 kly from the Sun.[2] It was discovered by German-born astronomer William Herschel on November 3, 1787. John L. E. Dreyer described it as, "a planetary nebula, bright, small, round, pretty gradually a very little brighter middle".[4]

This nebula is the result of an aging star casting off its outer atmosphere.[5] Overall the nebula is elliptical in form, with a complex interior structure having inner and outer shells, several bright equatorial knots, and two jet-like features near the nebula poles.[6] The rim of the inner shell is ellipsoidal with an aspect ratio of 1.6 and a major axis spanning 30″. The outer shell is more circular, and is approximately 33″ in diameter.[5] The faint outer shell is expanding with a higher velocity than the inner shell, and the knots are moving at the same velocity as the outer shell. The outer shell has an estimated age of 2,500 years, while the inner shell is 1,600 years old.[6]

The morphological features of the nebula may be explained by an interacting binary star system with one of the pair passing through the asymptotic giant branch phase. The jets may be generated by an accretion disk surrounding the resulting white dwarf star.[6] Additionally, an analysis of Gaia data suggests that the central star is binary.[7]

  1. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference GaiaDR2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference Stanghellini2008 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference simbad was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference cseligman was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Phillips2009 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference Contreras2010 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Chornay, N.; Walton, N. A.; Jones, D.; Boffin, H. M. J.; Rejkuba, M.; Wesson, R. (2021). "Towards a more complete sample of binary central stars of planetary nebulae with Gaia". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 648: A95. arXiv:2101.01800. Bibcode:2021A&A...648A..95C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140288. S2CID 230770301.