| Clubbing | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Drumstick fingers/toes, Hippocratic fingers/toes, digital clubbing, watch-glass nails[1] |
 | |
| Clubbing | |
| Specialty | Pulmonology |
Nail clubbing, also known as digital clubbing or clubbing, is a deformity of the finger or toe nails associated with a number of diseases, anomalies and defects, some congenital. This is mostly of the heart and lungs.[2][3] When it occurs together with joint effusions, joint pains, and abnormal skin and bone growth it is known as hypertrophic osteoarthropathy.[4]
Clubbing is associated with lung cancer, lung infections, interstitial lung disease, cystic fibrosis, or cardiovascular disease.[5] Clubbing may also run in families,[5] and occur unassociated with other medical problems.[6][7]
Clubbing has been recognized as a sign of disease since the time of Hippocrates.[5]
- ^ Rapini, Ronald P., Bolognia, Jean L., Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.
- ^ Rutherford JD (14 May 2013). "Digital clubbing". Circulation. 127 (19): 1997–9. doi:10.1161/circulationaha.112.000163. PMID 23671180.
- ^ Freedberg, et al. (2003). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-138076-0. : 656
- ^ Krugh M, Vaidya PN (January 2019). Osteoarthropathy Hypertrophic. StatPearls Publishing. PMID 31082012.
- ^ a b c Burcovschii S, Aboeed A (2019). Nail Clubbing. StatPearls Publishing. PMID 30969535.
- ^ Schwatz RA. "Clubbing of the Nails". Medscape. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
- ^ Vandemergel X, Renneboog B (July 2008). "Prevalence, aetiologies and significance of clubbing in a department of general internal medicine". Eur. J. Intern. Med. 19 (5): 325–329. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2007.05.015. PMID 18549933.