Nanjing Massacre denial

Nanjing Massacre denial is the pseudohistorical claim denying that Imperial Japanese forces murdered and raped hundreds of thousands of Chinese soldiers and civilians in the city of Nanjing during the Second Sino-Japanese War. This is relevant today in Sino-Japanese relations. Most historians accept the findings of the Tokyo tribunal with respect to the scope and nature of the atrocities which were committed by the Imperial Japanese Army after the Battle of Nanjing. In Japan, however, there has been a debate over the extent and nature of the massacre with some historians attempting to downplay or outright deny that the massacre took place.

Estimates of the death toll vary widely, ranging from 40,000 to 200,000.^[1][2] Some scholars, notably revisionists in Japan, have contended that the actual death toll is far lower, or even that the event was entirely fabricated and never occurred at all.^[3][4] These revisionist accounts of the killings have become a staple of Japanese nationalist discourse.^[5] The massacre is also only briefly mentioned in some Japanese school textbooks.^[6] Scholars have also said that the Japanese version of the Wikipedia article (南京事件) emphasizes revisionist narratives.^{[7][8][9][10]}

Some Japanese journalists and social scientists, such as Tomio Hora and Katsuichi Honda, have played prominent roles in countering Nanjing Massacre denialism in the decades after the killings. Nonetheless, denialist accounts, such as those of Shūdō Higashinakano, have often created controversy in the global media, particularly in China and other East Asian nations.^[5][11]

Relations between Japan and China have been complicated as a result, as denial of the massacre is seen in China as part of an overall unwillingness on Japan's part to admit and apologize for its aggression, or a perceived insensitivity regarding the killings.^[12]