The National Bank of the Kingdom of Italy (Italian: Banca Nazionale nel Regno d'Italia), known from 1850 to around 1870 as the National Bank of the Sardinian States (Italian: Banca Nazionale negli Stati Sardi), was a bank of issue of the Kingdom of Sardinia then the Kingdom of Italy after unification in 1861. Despite its name, it had no monopoly on money issuance, in a financial system that proved prone to instability. It was successively headquartered in Genoa (1850-1853), Turin (1850-1865), Florence (1865-1873), and Rome (1873-1893). Following the controversial failure of Banca Romana, the National Bank was eventually merged with several peers in 1893 to form the Bank of Italy.