The National Interagency Confederation for Biological Research (NICBR, pronounced "Nick Burr") is a biotechnology and biodefense partnership and collaborative environment of eight U.S. Federal government agencies through the National Interagency Biodefense Campus (NIBC) at Fort Detrick, Maryland, US.[1][2] NICBR was created in the wake of the September 11 attacks and the 2001 anthrax attacks as a way to bring a whole-of-government approach to addressing bioterrorism threats.[2] Before this, countering biological weapons fell to the Department of Defense (DoD) and focused on protection of troops in the field.[2]