| English: "State Anthem of the Russian Federation" | |
|---|---|
| Госуда́рственный гимн Росси́йской Федера́ции | |
 The official arrangement of the Russian national anthem, completed in 2001 | |
National anthem of Russia | |
| Lyrics | Sergei Mikhalkov, 2000 |
| Music | Alexander Alexandrov, 1939 |
| Adopted | December 25, 2000 (music)[1] December 30, 2000 (lyrics)[2] |
| Preceded by | "Patrioticheskaya Pesnya" |
| Audio sample | |
Official orchestral vocal recording by the Russian Presidential Orchestra and the Moscow Kremlin Choir | |
The "State Anthem of the Russian Federation"[a] is the national anthem of Russia. It uses the same melody as the "State Anthem of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics", composed by Alexander Alexandrov, and new lyrics by Sergey Mikhalkov, who had collaborated with Gabriel El-Registan on the original anthem.[3] From 1944, that earliest version replaced "The Internationale" as a new, more Soviet-centric and Russia-centric Soviet anthem. The same melody, but without any lyrics, was used after 1956. A second version of the lyrics was written by Mikhalkov in 1970 and adopted in 1977, placing less emphasis on World War II and more on the victory of communism, and without mentioning Joseph Stalin by name.
The Russian SFSR was the only constituent republic of the Soviet Union without its own regional anthem, instead using the national anthem of the Soviet Union. The lyric-free "Patrioticheskaya Pesnya", composed by Mikhail Glinka, was officially adopted in 1990 by the Supreme Soviet of Russia,[4] and confirmed in 1993,[5] after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, by the President of the Russian Federation, Boris Yeltsin. This anthem proved to be unpopular with the Russian public and with many politicians and public figures, because of its tune and lack of lyrics, and consequently its inability to inspire Russian athletes during international competitions.[6] The government sponsored contests to create lyrics for the unpopular anthem, but none of the entries were adopted.
Glinka's anthem was replaced soon after Yeltsin's successor, Vladimir Putin, first took office on 7 May 2000. The federal legislature established and approved the music of the national anthem of the Soviet Union, with newly written lyrics, in December 2000, and it became the second anthem used by Russia after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The government sponsored a contest to find lyrics, eventually settling upon a new composition by Mikhalkov; according to the government, the lyrics were selected to evoke and eulogize the history and traditions of Russia.[6] Yeltsin criticized Putin for supporting the reintroduction of the Soviet-era national anthem even though opinion polls showed that many Russians favored this decision.[7]
Public perception of the anthem is positive among Russians. A 2009 poll showed that 56% of respondents felt proud when hearing the national anthem, and that 25% liked it.[8]
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
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- ^ "Russia — National Anthem of the Russian Federation". NationalAnthems.me. Archived from the original on July 21, 2012. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
- ^ "On the National Anthem of the Russian SFSR". Decree of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR. pravo.levonevsky.org. November 23, 1990. Archived from the original on May 12, 2010.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "On the National Anthem of the Russian Federation". Ukase of the President of the Russian Federation. infopravo.by.ru. December 11, 1993.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b "The Russian National Anthem and the problem of National Identity in the 21st Century". The Great Britain – Russia Society. gbrussia.org. Archived from the original on September 23, 2016.
- ^ "EUROPE – Yeltsin attacks Putin over anthem". BBC News. England, United Kingdom: British Broadcasting Corporation. December 7, 2000. Archived from the original on September 30, 2016. Retrieved September 30, 2016.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ Cite error: The named reference
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