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A number of prominent Native Americans have protested against the social and cultural damage inflicted by alcohol on indigenous communities, and have campaigned to raise awareness of the dangers of alcohol and to restrict its availability to Native populations. Initially, these activists resisted the use of rum and brandy as trade items during the colonial era, in an effort to protect Native Americans from cultural changes they viewed as destructive. Later activists framed temperance in terms of Christianity, conforming to the broader temperance movement in the United States. Others led revitalization movements to restore Native American dignity by reverting to traditional customs and ceremonies or attempted to establish alcohol-free communities.[1] During the 1800s several religious movements combined tradition with Christianity to attract a wider following.[2] Modern-day addiction specialists integrate the psychology of substance abuse treatment with traditional rituals and symbolism and with community rehabilitation to reduce stressors and help recovering alcoholics maintain a healthy lifestyle.[3]
- ^ "White, W. "Native American addiction: A response to French." Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 2004:22(1), 93-97" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on April 19, 2012. Retrieved July 2, 2020.
- ^ Peter C. Mancall, Deadly Medicine: Indians and Alcohol in Early America, Cornell University Press, 1997. Archived 2020-04-22 at the Wayback Machine ISBN 0-8014-8044-2
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
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