Neoclassical or neo-classical may refer to:
- Neoclassicism or New Classicism, any of a number of movements in the fine arts, literature, theatre, music, language, and architecture beginning in the 17th century
- Neoclassical ballet, a ballet style which uses traditional ballet vocabulary, but is generally more expansive than the classical structure allowed
- The "Neo-classical period" of painter Pablo Picasso immediately following World War I
- Neoclassical economics, a general approach in economics focusing on the determination of prices, outputs, and income distributions in markets through supply and demand
- Neoclassical realism, theory in international relations
- Neo-classical school (criminology), a school in criminology that continues the traditions of the Classical School within the framework of Right Realism
- Neo-classical theology, another name for process theology, a school of thought influenced by the metaphysical process philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead
- Neoclassical transport is an effect seen in magnetic fusion energy reactors