New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1

Klebsiella pneumoniae, the bacterium in which NDM-1 was first identified.
Metallo-beta-lactamase type 1
Identifiers
OrganismKlebsiella pneumoniae
SymbolblaNDM-1
UniProtC7C422
Search for
StructuresSwiss-model
DomainsInterPro

NDM-1[1] is an enzyme that makes bacteria resistant to a broad range of beta-lactam antibiotics. These include the antibiotics of the carbapenem family, which are a mainstay for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. The gene for NDM-1 is one member of a large gene family that encodes beta-lactamase enzymes called carbapenemases. Bacteria that produce carbapenemases are often referred to in the news media as "superbugs" because infections caused by them are difficult to treat. Such bacteria are usually sensitive only to polymyxins and tigecycline.[2]

NDM-1 was first detected in 2008 in a culture plate of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from a Swedish patient of Indian origin. It was later detected in bacteria in India, Pakistan, the United Kingdom,[3] the United States,[4] Canada,[5] Japan,[6] Egypt,[7] and Iraq.[8]

The most common bacteria that make this enzyme are gram-negative such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, but the gene for NDM-1 can spread from one strain of bacteria to another by horizontal gene transfer.[9]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Kumarasamy was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ "Health Protection Report". Health Protection Agency. 3 July 2009.
  3. ^ Indian Network for Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (INSAR) group (webappendix) (November 2010). "New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 10 (11): 749–750. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70239-5. PMID 21029984.
  4. ^ Stephen Smith (13 September 2010). "New drug-resistant 'superbug' arrives in Mass". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
  5. ^ "Superbug detected in GTA". Toronto Star. 22 August 2010.
  6. ^ Shino Yuasa (8 September 2010). "Japan confirms first case of superbug gene". The Boston Globe. Associated Press. Retrieved 14 February 2016.
  7. ^ Ghaith, Doaa M.; Mohamed, Zeinat K.; Farahat, Mohamed G.; Aboulkasem Shahin, Walaa; Mohamed, Hadeel O. (2019-03-01). "Colonization of intestinal microbiota with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in paediatric intensive care units in Cairo, Egypt" (PDF). Arab Journal of Gastroenterology. 20 (1): 19–22. doi:10.1016/j.ajg.2019.01.002. ISSN 1687-1979. PMID 30733176. S2CID 73444389.
  8. ^ Al-hussaniy, Hany; Al-tameemi, Zahraa Salam (2022). "Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and New Delhi Metallo beta-lactamases- types of antibiotic resistance, methods of prevention". Medical and Pharmaceutical Journal. 1 (1): 14–24. doi:10.55940/medphar20223. S2CID 249296879.
  9. ^ Hudson, Corey M.; Bent, Zachary W.; Meagher, Robert J.; Williams, Kelly P.; Hall, Ruth (6 June 2014). "Resistance Determinants and Mobile Genetic Elements of an NDM-1-Encoding Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain". PLOS ONE. 9 (6): e99209. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...999209H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0099209. PMC 4048246. PMID 24905728.