New Policies (Song dynasty)

The New Policies (Chinese: 新法; pinyin: xīnfǎ), also known as Xining Reforms (熙寧變法; Xining being the first era name used by Emperor Shenzong), Xifeng Reforms (熙豐變法; Xifeng being the portmanteau of the two era names used by Emperor Shenzong, Xining and Yuanfeng) or Wang Anshi Reforms (王安石變法),^[1] were a series of reforms initiated by the Northern Song dynasty politician Wang Anshi when he served as minister under Emperor Shenzong from 1069–1076. The policies were in force until the emperor's death, then repealed, then enacted again and were a focus of court politics until the end of the Northern Song. In some ways, it continued the policies of the aborted Qingli Reforms from two decades earlier.

^ Ye Tan (1996). The Great Change: Song Shenzong and the Reform Movement in the Eleventh Century. Joint Publishing. ISBN 978-7-108-00817-6.

[Ye_Tan_1996-1] Ye Tan (1996). The Great Change: Song Shenzong and the Reform Movement in the Eleventh Century. Joint Publishing. ISBN 978-7-108-00817-6.

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