A next-generation firewall (NGFW) is a part of the third generation of firewall technology, combining a conventional firewall with other network device filtering functions, such as an application firewall using in-line deep packet inspection (DPI), an intrusion prevention system (IPS). Other techniques might also be employed, such as TLS-encrypted traffic inspection, website filtering, QoS/bandwidth management, antivirus inspection, third-party identity management integration (e.g. LDAP, RADIUS, Active Directory),[1] and SSL decryption[2]