.jpg) The Pont Kennedy across the Niger at Niamey, early 2019 | |
 | |
| Etymology | Unknown (possibly from Berber for River Gher or local Tuareg word n-igereouen meaning "big rivers")[1] |
| Location | |
| Countries | |
| Cities | |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • location | Guinea Highlands, Guinea-Conakry |
| • coordinates | 09°05′50″N 10°40′58″W / 9.09722°N 10.68278°W |
| • elevation | 850 m (2,790 ft) |
| Mouth | Atlantic Ocean |
• location | Gulf of Guinea, Nigeria |
• coordinates | 5°19′20″N 6°28′9″E / 5.32222°N 6.46917°E |
• elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Length | 4,200 km (2,600 mi)[2] |
| Basin size | 2,117,700 km2 (817,600 sq mi) to 2,273,946 km2 (877,975 sq mi)[3] |
| Width | |
| • average | 1.24 km (0.77 mi) to 1.73 km (1.07 mi) (Lokoja)[4] |
| Depth | |
| • maximum | 37 m (121 ft) (Lokoja)[4] |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Niger Delta[5][6] |
| • average | (Period: 2010–2018)270.5 km3/a (8,570 m3/s)[7]
(Period: 1971–2000)7,922.3 m3/s (279,770 cu ft/s)[8] (6,925 m3/s (244,600 cu ft/s)[6] to 250 km3/a (1.9 cu mi/Ms)[2]) |
| • minimum | 1,200 m3/s (42,000 cu ft/s) |
| • maximum | 35,000 m3/s (1,200,000 cu ft/s) |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Onitsha |
| • average | (Period: 1971–2000)6,470.8 m3/s (228,510 cu ft/s)[8] |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Lokoja |
| • average | (Period: 2000/06/01–2023/05/31)6,696 m3/s (236,500 cu ft/s)[9] (Period: 1971–2000)5,754.7 m3/s (203,230 cu ft/s)[8] |
| • minimum | (Period: 2000/06/01–2023/05/31)1,864 m3/s (65,800 cu ft/s)[9] 500 m3/s (18,000 cu ft/s)[10] |
| • maximum | (Period: 2000/06/01–2023/05/31)21,800 m3/s (770,000 cu ft/s)[9] 27,600 m3/s (970,000 cu ft/s)[10] (04/10/2022: 33,136 m3/s (1,170,200 cu ft/s)[9] |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Niamey |
| • average | (Period: 2000/06/01–2023/05/31)964 m3/s (34,000 cu ft/s)[9] (Period: 1971–2000)737.7 m3/s (26,050 cu ft/s)[8] |
| • minimum | (Period: 2000/06/01–2023/05/31)60 m3/s (2,100 cu ft/s)[9] |
| • maximum | (Period: 2000/06/01–2023/05/31)1,994 m3/s (70,400 cu ft/s)[9] |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Bamako |
| • average | (Period: 1971–2000)1,091.7 m3/s (38,550 cu ft/s)[8] |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | Gulf of Guinea |
| River system | Niger River |
| Tributaries | |
| • left | Tinkisso, Sokoto, Kaduna, Gurara, Benue, Anambra |
| • right | Niandan, Milo, Sankarani, Bani, Gorouol, Sirba, Mékrou, Alibori, Sota, Oli, Orashi, Warri |
The Niger River (/ˈnaɪdʒər/ NY-jər; French: (le) fleuve Niger [(lə) flœv niʒɛʁ]) is the main river of West Africa, extending about 4,180 kilometres (2,600 miles). Its drainage basin is 2,117,700 km2 (817,600 sq mi) in area.[11] Its source is in the Guinea Highlands in south-eastern Guinea near the Sierra Leone border.[12][13] It runs in a crescent shape through Mali, Niger, on the border with Benin and then through Nigeria, discharging through a massive delta, known as the Niger Delta,[14] into the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean. The Niger is the third-longest river in Africa, exceeded by the Nile and the Congo River. Its main tributary is the Benue River.
- ^ "niger | Origin and meaning of the name niger by Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com. Archived from the original on 2022-10-14. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
- ^ a b Inger, Andersen; Ousmane, Dione; Martha, Jarosewich-Holder; Jean-Claude, Olivry; Katherin, George Golitzen (2005). The Niger River Basin - A Vision for Sustainable Management. World Bank. ISBN 9780821362037. Archived from the original on 2023-01-04. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
FAOwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Muhedeen, Lawal; Kamaldeen Olakunle, Omosanya (2022). "35-years decadal changes in platform morphology of the Niger and Benue confluence, West Africa". ESS Open Archive. doi:10.1002/essoar.10512089.1.
- ^ "WWD Continents". www.geol.lsu.edu. Archived from the original on 8 October 2017. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
- ^ a b Prabhu TL (2021). "Agricultural Engineering: An Introduction To Agricultural Engineering". NestFame Creations Pvt. Ltd. Archived from the original on 2022-01-25. Retrieved 2021-11-18.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Water Accounting in the Niger River Basinwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c d e "Niger". Archived from the original on 2024-04-01. Retrieved 2024-04-01.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Niger-Hycos". 2022. Archived from the original on 2023-02-01. Retrieved 2023-01-02.
- ^ a b Castano, Ing. Antonio. "A Study On The Hydrological Series Of The Niger River At Koulikoro, Niamey And Lokoja Stations". Archived from the original (PDF) on January 1, 2016. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
- ^ Gleick, Peter H. (2000), The World's Water, 2000-2001: The Biennial Report on Freshwater, Island Press, p. 33, ISBN 978-1-55963-792-3 – via Internet Archive
- ^ "Niger River". geography.name. Archived from the original on 26 April 2021. Retrieved 26 April 2021.
- ^ Thompson, Samuel (2005). "Niger River". In McColl, R. W. (ed.). Encyclopedia of World Geography. Facts On File, Inc. p. 665. ISBN 9780816072293.
- ^ "Rivers of the World: The Niger River". Radio Netherlands Archives. 2002-12-04. Archived from the original on 2021-10-27. Retrieved 2021-11-24.