Nine-Power Treaty

United States Secretary of State John Hay, the driving force behind the Open Door policy.

The Nine-Power Treaty (Kyūkakoku Jōyaku (Japanese: 九カ国条約)) or Nine-Power Agreement (Chinese: 九國公約; pinyin: jiǔ guó gōngyuē) was a 1922 treaty affirming the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of China as per the Open Door Policy. The Nine-Power Treaty was signed on 6 February 1922 by all of the attendees to the Washington Naval Conference: Belgium, China, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Japan,[1] the Netherlands, Portugal,[2] and the United States.

  1. ^ Sadao Asada, "Japan's 'Special Interests' and the Washington Conference." American Historical Review 67.1 (1961): 62-70. JSTOR 1846262.
  2. ^ L. Ethan Ellis, Republican foreign policy, 1921-1933 (Rutgers University Press, 1968). pp. 79–136.