| Ninth Fort massacres, November 1941 | |
|---|---|
| Location | Ninth Fort, Kaunas, Generalbezirk Litauen |
| Date | 25 & 29 November 1941 |
| Incident type | Mass shootings, deportation without due process |
| Perpetrators | Karl Jäger and others |
| Organizations | Einsatzgruppen and others |
| Victims | 4,934 German and Austrian Jewish men, women, and children. |
| Survivors | 0 known |
| Documentation | Jäger Report |
| Memorials | In museum on site |
| Notes | First systematic massacres of German Jews during the Holocaust. |
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The Ninth Fort massacres of November 1941 were two separate mass shootings of 4,934 German Jews in the Ninth Fort near Kaunas, Lithuania. These were the first systematic mass killings of German Jews during the Holocaust.[1][2] The question of where these killings fit into the development of the Final Solution is a matter of dispute among historians.
- ^ Browning, Origins of the Final Solution, pp. 395–397
- ^ Friedlander, Henry (1995). The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia To The Final Solution. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. p. 289.