Nissan CA engine

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Nissan CA engine
Nissan CA20S engine
Overview
Manufacturer	Nissan (Nissan Machinery)
Production	1982-1994
Layout
Configuration	Inline-4
Displacement	1.6 L (1,598 cc) 1.8 L (1,809 cc) 2.0 L (1,974 cc)
Cylinder bore	78 mm (3.07 in) 83 mm (3.27 in) 84.5 mm (3.33 in)
Piston stroke	83.6 mm (3.29 in) 88 mm (3.46 in)
Cylinder block material	Cast iron
Cylinder head material	Aluminum
Valvetrain	SOHC 2 valves x cyl. DOHC 4 valves x cyl.
Combustion
Turbocharger	Single Garrett T2 or T25 (CA18ET, CA18DET)
Fuel system	Carburetor (CA16S, CA18S, CA20S) Throttle-body fuel injection (CA18i) Multi-port fuel injection (CA16DE, CA18DE, CA18ET, CA18DET, CA20E)
Fuel type	Gasoline
Cooling system	Water-cooled
Output
Power output	81–166 PS (60–122 kW; 80–164 hp)
Torque output	123–228 N⋅m (91–168 lb⋅ft)
Chronology
Predecessor	Nissan L engine & Nissan Z engine
Successor	Nissan SR engine (all except CA16) Nissan GA engine (CA16)

The CA engine is a series of 1.6 to 2.0 L (1,598 to 1,974 cc) Inline-4 piston engines from Nissan. It is designed for a wide variety of smaller Nissan vehicles to replace the Z engine and some smaller, four-cylinder L series engines. The "CA" stands for Clean Air, due to the installation of Nissan emission reducing technology, called NAPS-X.

The CA is an iron block, aluminum head design with a timing belt, cheaper to make than the timing chain setup on the Z and L engines. Earlier versions featured SOHC and eight valves. The new CA block design was a scaled-up E series block with timing shaft and other ancillaries removed. The oil pump is fitted directly onto the crank nose and the distributor is driven by the end of the camshaft. Like the E series and the A block from which the E was derived, Nissan used a taller block for the largest stroked 2.0-litre engine. The CA was designed to be compact and light, with a CA16 requiring only 195 litres (52 US gal; 43 imp gal) of space (compared to 280 litres (74 US gal; 62 imp gal) for the earlier Z16), while weighing 23% less at 115 kg (254 lb).^[1]

Later versions featured DOHC with 16 valves for increased efficiency at high engine speeds and a smoother power delivery. The hydraulic lifters are interchangeable between all DOHC RB and VG series engines excepting those with solid lifters. The Nissan CA would also be developed into a diesel engine, known as the CD, which replaced the four-cylinder LD series.

Production of the CA series ceased in 1994. The engine was deemed too expensive to produce due to its cast-iron block, while it also no longer met the ever-changing Japanese emission standards emerging at the time. The 1.8 L and 2.0 L versions were replaced by the all-aluminium SR series as Nissan's primary four-cylinder engine, while the smaller 1.6 L version was replaced by the GA series. Engines for the low volume European markets, such as the 200SX, were supplied by the overstock between Japanese and Australian markets.